The Engineering Service Division of the Federal Government :: Federal Government Engineering Essays

TABLE OF CONTENTINTRODUCTION 2PROBLEM 2ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION 3Groups and Teams 3 designer and Politics 7Motivation 12ALTERNATIVES AND SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM 14SOLUTION 16IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 17JUSTIFICATION OF THE SOLUTION 18 insertionIn the Federal government, 14 divisions composed the administrative service division. The engineering service division was a smaller part to a government interrogation laboratory. Their purpose was to design and manufacture equipment needed for experiments. in that respect ar four formal teams the Design and drawing subsection, Planning and Production Branch manufacturing Service Branch and the technology Service Branch. There are 50 people in the design group which was divided into three subgroups two drafting sections and one checking section. There was a consistent flow between the branches that enabled projects to be completed in an efficient manner. The engineering service division worked competentl y with no manager for baseball club months. At this time, Francois Duplessis succeeded Josie Maguire, who previously held the management position. As the corporate consultants we will analyze the company current situation. ProblemThe recent change in managers within the technology Services Division has caused some concern for the success of the company. Francois Duplessis has developed various changes in the workplace. The changes had cause the group to be less cohesive due to unretentive communication and conflict. Their level of interdependence was altered which made tasks harder to accomplish. Duplessis did not effectively use his power in order for the laboratory to succeed which resulted in organizational politics. The designer and engineers were content with working together to reach their goals in the organization, therefore, being more independent caused their overall motivation to decline. Analysis of the SituationGroups and TeamsWithin the Engineering Services Division , there were formal teams and communities of practice. A formal team can be described as groups of two or more people who move and influence each other, are mutually accountable for achieving common objectives, and perceive themselves as a social entity within an organization (McShane 234). While communities of practice are informal groups bound together by shared expertise and passion for a particular activity or interest (McShane 234) The formal teams consisted of the Design and Drafting Branch, the Production and Planning Branch, the Mechanical Shop Branch, and the Electronic Services Branch all of which were mandated by management.

Familial DNA Searching Essay -- Genetics

Nowadays, DNA is a crucial component of a crime scene investigation, used to both to identify perpetrators from crime scenes and to determine a suspects guilt or innocence (Butler, 2005). The method of constructing a distinctive fingerprint from an individuals DNA was first described by Alec Jeffreys in 1985. He discovered regions of repetitions of nucleotides inherent in DNA strands that differed from person to person (now known as protean number of tandem repeats, or VNTRs), and developed a technique to adjust the length variation into a definitive identity marker (Butler, 2005). Since then, DNA reproduce has been refined to be an indispensible source of evidence, expanded into multiple methods befitting different types of DNA samples. One of the more controversial practices of DNA forensics is familial DNA searching, which takes partial, earlier than exact, matches between crime scene DNA and DNA stored in a public data trading floor as possible leads for further examination an d information about the suspect. use familial DNA searching for investigative purposes is a reliable and advantageous method to convict abominables.Familial DNA searching works by apply the combined DNA index system (CODIS) to compare DNA samples taken from crime scenes to DNA profiles already recorded in the local, state, or national criminal DNA database. There are many indexes in the database two of the largest are the offender index, a schedule of DNA profiles from previously convicted felons, and the forensic index, a catalogue of DNA from crime-scenes. A DNA sample is run through the database by CODIS matching algorithm that searches the indexes against one another to generate matches according to how often base pairs, or markers, repeat in th... ...of Justice, 1 Sept. 2011.Keiper L. More states use familial DNA as powerful forensic search tool. Reuters Internet. 2011 cited May 16 2012 N. page. for sale from http//www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/30/us-crime-dna-familial- idUSTRE72T2QS20110330.Riley S. How familial DNA can help crime victims. The Grio Internet. 2010 cited 16 May 2012 N. page. Available from http//www.thegrio.com/opinion/how-familial-dna-can-help-crime-victims.php.Singer N. In Fighting Crime, How total Should a Genetic Net Reach? The New York Times Internet. 2010 cited 21 May 2012 N. page. Available from http//www.nytimes.com/2010/07/25/business/25stream.html?_r=1.Steinhauer J. Grim Sleeper Arrest Fans palisade on DNA Use. The New York Times Internet. 2010 cited 21 May 2012 N page. Available from http//www.nytimes.com/2010/07/09/us/09sleeper.html?pagewanted=all.

Mama Day by Gloria Naylor :: Mama Day Gloria Naylor Literature Essays

florists chrysanthemum Day by Gloria Naylormammy Day by Gloria Naylor is a fantastic novel filled with shiny imagery and intriguing characters. Naylor weaves a realistic tale, despite the fantastic events that she describes. Her characters are believable and behave like real people. However, Naylors greatest asset is her descriptive powers, which not only sets the scene, but enraptures readers into Cocoas dual worlds of New York City and Willow Springs, imprisoning us with her words. The plot centers around the three main characters Ophelia/Cocoa/Baby Girl, George and florists chrysanthemum Day. Mama Day is by far the most dominant personality, although we are not inside her mind the same way we are with Cocoa and George. Mama Day represents the power and resilience of nature and the town of Willow Springs itself. She seems to literally be upholding the town, and to be so indispensable, I wonder what the town will do when she is gone, left with only Dr. Buzzard as the resident med icine man. But Mama Day seems to have no intention of leaving anytime soon. Naylor enhances the connection of Mama Day with nature by associating her with natural imagery. We always see Mama Day in her gardens, or the forest, nursing the land with her skill. She has a connection to nature, and digest understand it, as seen by her prediction of the storm. Mama Day represents the last vestiges of the power of the African wise woman, a role that is dying break through as society becomes more and more urban. Cocoa straddles the worlds of nature and the city. Her roots are in Willow Springs and she cannot forget that. However, we can never see her taking up the role of wise woman after Mama Day is gone. She has been too changed by the city and its disappointments and heartaches. This division causes much of the conflict between her and George, since she often lashes out when her soul is divided. George Andrews represents, of course, the world of the city. He cannot accept Mama Days pri mal power, and loses his life for his lack of belief. His angry retaliation at the helpless chickens represents the urban idea of attempting to secure nature. George tries to control something he cant understand, and thus pays the consequences. Each character is associated with their own imagery and language. When each of them speaks, it is with their own unique dialect.

Revenge Essay -- Literary Analysis, The Iliad

Throughout history, revenge, or vengeance, has been altered by several cultures and even the American culture. This is shown finishedout many ancient greek epics. Throughout these two epics, what is just revenge and what the action of revenge is atomic number 18 much different than what Revenge is seen through todays society. Revenge is the main theme in The Iliad, with Achilles revenge on Agamemnon and Hector, and in The Odyssey, with Poseidons revenge on Odysseus and Odysseuss revenge on the Suitors, and these epics define how revenge was seen in the ancient Greek world.Revenge in The Iliad it the main theme and drives men to do things that they would not normally do. The main instance of this is Achilles wanting revenge on Agamemnon. The first book of the Iliad explains that Achilles wants revenge because Agamemnon is forced to return Chryseis, his war bride, to her father, and he decides to take Achilles war bride from him. According to Some Thoughts closely the Origins of Gr eek Ethics, by Nicholas D. Smith, Agamemnons unjust affront to Achilles leads to and extraordinarily deadly retaliation, the ultimate outcome of which is that multitudes of these mens innocent allies are sweep awayed unnecessarily(smith 10). This is out of character for Achilles, who would normally be the first man into battle, not sitting one out. By rejecting even the most earnest and grand entreaties Agamemnon offers, and increasingly making decisions which are rationally indefensible, he shows how much his wanting of revenge has turned him into a madman (smith 10). His only desire is to attempt revenge for his loss. It takes the death of Patroclus, his dear friend, to bring him back to the war, which he has left. The death of Patroclus not only forces Achi... ...rses the murder of Agamemnon. As Dilworth states in The fall of Troy and the lacing of the Suitors The Ultimate Symbolic Correspondence in the Odyssey The slaughter of the suitors reverses and sets right the murder of Agamemnon. As the story is recalled in the Odyssey, Aegisthus used twenty men to ambush and kill Agamemnon. From Ithaca the chief suitor, Antinous, Sent twenty men to ambush and kill Telemachus. He would have suffered the fate of Agamemnon. So might Odysseus, for whom the story of Agamemnon is a warning. Instead the suitors last at a banquet, in corrective balance to the murder of Agamemnon at a banquet. (Dilworth)This shows that Odysseuss revenge of the suitors is not only sets right what Odysseus knows it sets right, but it excessively sets right what has not been set right by anyone else, it balances the revenge throughout all of the Odyssey.

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Workplace Harassment Essay

cozy bedevilment is un incur behavior of a knowledgeable nature that makes one life uncomfortable, dire or powerless, and interferes with work. Sexual torment can happen to anyone male or female, student or adult employee. Sexual harassment has been at the headland of businesses for eld whether it has been brought to move or settled chthonian mediation, it is a constant in our society today. In 1964 Title VII was established in couch to reverse sex discrimination in employment, this didnt include intimate harassment. After four cases of non-sexual harassing acts deemed sex discrimination sexual harassment was finally recognize in 1986. In the Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson case the Supreme Court saw it as a violation of Title VII and established the standards for analyzing whether the hold was welcome and levels of employer liability. Finally in 1988 the first-class action sexual harassment lawsuit was filed on behalf of a Minnesota mining employee who described a praxis of harassment and abuse beginning when she went to work there in 1975 in the case of Jensen v. Eveleth Travonite Co. From then sexual harassment would be disputed and fought in court under the Title VII in order to protect the character and capacity of others. The constitution of sexual harassment include the submission to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors etc. either explicitly or implicitly as a term or condition of an individuals employment, submission to or rejection of such(prenominal) chair by an individual used as the basis for employment decision affecting such individual or such conduct has the settle or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or of... ...). European Union representation testimony of 27 November 1991. the protection of the dignity of women and men at work, (p. (L49) 1.). Psychologys voice in sexual harassment law, American Psychological Association (A ugust 1998) Antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment in organizations A test of an integrated model, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 578-589 (1997) Fitzgerald, L.F., Swann, S. & Magley, V.J., But Was It Really curse? Legal, Behavioral and Psychological Definitions of the Workplace Victimization of Women, in W. ODonohue (Ed.), Sexual agony Theory, Research and Treatment (1997) and Schneider, K.T., Swann, S. & Fitzgerald, L.F., Job-related and psychological effects of sexual harassment in the workplace empirical evidence from two organizations, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 401-415 (1997)). Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Workplace Harassment EssaySexual harassment is unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that makes one feel uncomfortable, fearful or powerless, and interferes with work. Sexual harassment can happen to anyone male or female, student or adult employee. Sexual harassment has been at the forefront of businesses for years whether it has been brought to court or settled under mediation, it is a constant in our society today. In 1964 Title VII was established in order to prohibit sex discrimination in employment, this didnt include sexual harassment. After four cases of non-sexual harassing acts deemed sex discrimination sexual harassment was finally recognized in 1986. In the Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson case the Supreme Court saw it as a violation of Title VII and established the standards for analyzing whether the conduct was welcome and levels of employer liability. Finally in 1988 the first-class action sexual harassment lawsuit was filed on behalf of a Minnesota mining employee who described a pattern of harassment and abuse beginning when she went to work there in 1975 in the case of Jensen v. Eveleth Travonite Co. From then sexual harassment would be disputed and fought in court under the Title VII in order to protect the character and capacity of others. The constitution of sexual harassment include the submission to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors etc. either explicitly or implicitly as a term or condition of an individuals employment, submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual used as the basis for employment decision affecting such individual or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or of... ...). European Union Commission Recommendation of 27 November 1991. the protection of the dignity of women and men at work, (p. (L49) 1.). Psychologys voice in sexual harassment law, American Psychological Association (August 1998) Antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment in organizations A test of an integrated model, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 578-589 (1997) Fitzgerald, L.F., Swann, S. & Magley, V.J., But Was It Really Harassment? Legal, Behavioral and Psychological Definitions of the Workplace Vi ctimization of Women, in W. ODonohue (Ed.), Sexual Harassment Theory, Research and Treatment (1997) and Schneider, K.T., Swann, S. & Fitzgerald, L.F., Job-related and psychological effects of sexual harassment in the workplace empirical evidence from two organizations, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 401-415 (1997)).

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Workplace Harassment Essay

knowledgeable curse is un acceptable behavior of a familiar nature that makes one recover uncomfortable, dread or powerless, and interferes with work. Sexual harassment can happen to anyone male or female, student or adult employee. Sexual harassment has been at the van of businesses for historic period whether it has been brought to dally or settled under mediation, it is a constant in our society today. In 1964 Title VII was established in gild to supplant sex discrimination in employment, this didnt include internal harassment. After four cases of non-sexual harassing acts deemed sex discrimination sexual harassment was finally accepted in 1986. In the Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson case the Supreme Court saw it as a violation of Title VII and established the standards for analyzing whether the conduce was welcome and levels of employer liability. Finally in 1988 the first-class action sexual harassment lawsuit was filed on behalf of a Minnesota mining employ ee who described a radiation diagram of harassment and abuse beginning when she went to work there in 1975 in the case of Jensen v. Eveleth Travonite Co. From then sexual harassment would be disputed and fought in court under the Title VII in order to protect the character and capacity of others. The constitution of sexual harassment include the submission to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors etc. either explicitly or implicitly as a term or condition of an individuals employment, submission to or rejection of much(prenominal) give by an individual used as the basis for employment decision affecting such individual or such conduct has the tendency or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or of... ...). European Union missionary station pass of 27 November 1991. the protection of the dignity of women and men at work, (p. (L49) 1.). Psychologys voice in sexual harassment law, American Psychological Association (August 1998) Antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment in organizations A test of an integrated model, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 578-589 (1997) Fitzgerald, L.F., Swann, S. & Magley, V.J., But Was It Really worrying? Legal, Behavioral and Psychological Definitions of the Workplace Victimization of Women, in W. ODonohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment Theory, Research and Treatment (1997) and Schneider, K.T., Swann, S. & Fitzgerald, L.F., Job-related and psychological effects of sexual harassment in the workplace empirical evidence from two organizations, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 401-415 (1997)). Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Workplace Harassment EssaySexual harassment is unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that makes one feel uncomfortable, fearful or powerless, and interferes with work. Sexual harassment can happen to anyone male or female, student or adult employee. Sexual harassment has be en at the forefront of businesses for years whether it has been brought to court or settled under mediation, it is a constant in our society today. In 1964 Title VII was established in order to prohibit sex discrimination in employment, this didnt include sexual harassment. After four cases of non-sexual harassing acts deemed sex discrimination sexual harassment was finally recognized in 1986. In the Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson case the Supreme Court saw it as a violation of Title VII and established the standards for analyzing whether the conduct was welcome and levels of employer liability. Finally in 1988 the first-class action sexual harassment lawsuit was filed on behalf of a Minnesota mining employee who described a pattern of harassment and abuse beginning when she went to work there in 1975 in the case of Jensen v. Eveleth Travonite Co. From then sexual harassment would be disputed and fought in court under the Title VII in order to protect the character and capa city of others. The constitution of sexual harassment include the submission to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors etc. either explicitly or implicitly as a term or condition of an individuals employment, submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual used as the basis for employment decision affecting such individual or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or of... ...). European Union Commission Recommendation of 27 November 1991. the protection of the dignity of women and men at work, (p. (L49) 1.). Psychologys voice in sexual harassment law, American Psychological Association (August 1998) Antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment in organizations A test of an integrated model, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 578-589 (1997) Fitzgerald, L.F., Swann, S. & Magley, V.J., But Was It Really Harassment? Legal, Behavioral and Psycholo gical Definitions of the Workplace Victimization of Women, in W. ODonohue (Ed.), Sexual Harassment Theory, Research and Treatment (1997) and Schneider, K.T., Swann, S. & Fitzgerald, L.F., Job-related and psychological effects of sexual harassment in the workplace empirical evidence from two organizations, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, 401-415 (1997)).

Human Development Essay

Taking a note at the Human Development Index map of Africa, which sens be seen on (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index) on the net it shows that m whatsoever of Africas countries are very underdeveloped.7 One of the obvious reasons for why countries is Africa are underachieving is because of how ridiculous is the strength of their economy compared to others. As it is well known, Africa is very moneyed in mineral resources as many other states rely upon their, possessing well-nigh of the known minerals types of the world. Africas economy is more reliant on agriculture than that of any other continent, with around 60% of Africans functional in the agricultural sector.Secondly, the economic training of virtually all African nations has been hindered by inadequate transportation systems. approximately countries rely on road networks that are composed largely of dirt roads, which become impassable during the rainy seasons. Road networks tend to link the interio r of a country to the coast few road systems link adjacent countries.9 To show how poor and how bad economy crisis is in Africa, one ought to take a look at their food crisis and the growing volume of food imports. Whereas Africa imported an average volume of 1.96 million metric tons of agricultural products in the years 1961-63, by 1980-82 this figure had risen to 11.2 million metric tons at an annual value of over $6.8 billion (over one-seventh of the total value of Africas imports in 1982).Owing to foreign exchange constraints, well-nigh African countries have had to rely increasingly on food aid to meet their imported food requirements.10The commercial sectors of most African states rely heavily on one or a few export commodities. The bulk of art occurs with industrialized nations, which require raw materials and carry industrial and consumer goods. Trade between African states is limited by the competitive, rather than complementary, nature of their products and by trade bar riers, such as tariffs, and the diversity of currencies.Looking at the economy of atomic number 63, a sharp contrast in strength and influence can visibly be seen. atomic number 63 has long been a world loss leader in economic activities. As the birthplace of modern science and of the Industrial Revolution, Europe acquired technological superiority over the rest of the world, which gave it unquestioned dominance in the 19th Century. An important impetus for growth since the mid-20th Century has been the formation of supranational organisations such as the European Union, the European Free Trade Association, and the Organisation for sparing Cooperation and Development.Unlike Africa, Europe has highly developed transport systems, which are densest in the central part of the continent. Many countries in Europe use well well-kept transportation systems to transport important goods such as water transport which plays a major role in the European economy. Almost all European countries m aintain national airlines, and several, such as Air France, British Airways, Swissair, Germany, and Netherlands are major worldwide carriers.13 Looking at both economies and trade, it is unquestionably obvious that Europe conducts substantial international trade compared to Africa. For Europe, much of its trade is intra-continental, especially among members of the European Union, but also engages in large-scale trade with countries of other continents. Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy and the Netherlands are among the worlds greatest trading nations. A large portion of European inter-continental trade involves the exporting of manufactured goods and the importing of raw materials.Europes agricultural sector is generally highly developed, especially in Western Europe. The agricultural sector in Europe is helped by the Common Agricultural Policy, which provides farmers with a minimal price for their products and subsidized their exports, which increases competitiveness for their products. This policy is highly controversial as it hampers free trade worldwide (protectionism sparks protectionism from other countries and trade blocs the concept of trade wars) and is violating the concept of fair trade.15 Africas economy is more reliant on primary products (i.e, agricultural and mineral) than that of any other continent, with around 60% of Africans working in the agricultural sector.About three fifths of African farmers are subsistence farmers tilling small pots of land to feed their families, with only a minimal surplus that can be sold for other goods.16 However, there are significant number of large farms that grow cash crop such as coffee, cotton, cocoa, and rubber these farms, ordinarily operated by large corporations, cover tens of square kilometres and employ large number of labourers.Africas geography is unsuited to trade and thus hampers its economy. The centre of the continent, at least on the western side, is an almost impenetrable rain timberland t hat greatly impedes the transit of people of goods. Some of the wealthiest parts of South Africa are blocked from the rest of Africa by the Kalahari Desert, while the Sahara creates an obvious barrier to trade. While Africa has a number of great river systems such as those of the Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi, it is not nearly as well-linked rivers as are other areas such as Europe. Moreover, many of the rivers are blocked by rapids and cataracts that require vast development projects if they are to be bypassed.The wetness of the roads and tracks makes transport difficult and hazardous. In addition Africa is cut off from the sea to a greater extent than any other continent. To enforce even more problems to Africa there is an increasing keep down of desertification occurring in Africa where the deserts, especially the Sahara are becoming larger, enveloping area around them, leaving less space for land. This process is partly due to the deforestation of areas of forest with no root s to hold soil in place, it blows away leaving an infertile desert.Europe has a well developed financial sector. Many European cities are financial centres with the City of London being the largest.19 The European financial sector is helped by the introduction of the euro as common currency. This has made it easier for European households and firms to drop in companies and deposit on banks in other European countries as exchange rate fluctuations are now non-existent in Europe. As mentioned above, Europes economy is superior to that of Africa, so what can Africa do to remediate its economy or perhaps what can it take from the Europe economy as a model.Professor J A. van Ginkel held a conference on the Knowledge and Development in Africa here he talked about ways to improve Africas economy however not only by getting the economic policies right.20 Prof van Ginkel mentions that there is now substantial evidence that institutional weakness in many African countries is a critical obst acle to economic performance.21 From the surveys he conducted on the obstacles to business in Africa it highlights the damage caused by the unpredictability of changes in laws and policies, the unreliability of law enforcement, and the impact of corrupt bureaucracies.22 Unless governments eliminate these kinds of obstacles then it is unlikely that the economy whether it is just locally in certain parts of Africa or on a national front will flourish.An aspect of the Europe model that Africa can learn from is the aspect of knowledge. No commodity is more big-ticket(prenominal) than knowledge. An Africa without a sustainable, strong knowledge sector of its own will always remain in a dangerously dependent position. Research and cooking institutions on the continent can make a critical contribution in at least three ways by making the most of existing indigenous knowledge by accessing the vast reservoir of existing global knowledge, as well as the ongoing advances in understanding, a nd adapting them to suit particular proposition local conditions and by helping to find innovative solutions to seemingly intractable problems.23 In terms of human resources, it was highlighted in the Seminars of Anticipation that African developments suffers from a tragical paradox on the one hand, elites trained in Western world are too many (and most of them stay in the US or in the EU because they cannot find well-paid qualified positions in Africa, or because their skills do not correspond to African needs) while on the other hand the well-trained mediocre executives required to manage a modern economy are cruelly missing in Africa (higher technical experts, management executives, civil administrators).To conclude, this essay has looked the economies of both Europe and Africa and compared and contrast both of them. It has also provided information about both economies in terms of trade and finance. A brief history was provided which looked at the relationship between Europe a nd Africa and to the days of colonisation. Reasons as to why both regions are on different levels economically were provided to show how dominant and rich Europe was and how poor and underdeveloped Africa was. The Africa food crisis was mentioned to give an account of how poor Africa was against other regions. In addition ways that Africa can improve their economy thus bringing it more power and strength so that it can compete with other regions was provided, for example making sure Africa had the aqeduate education so that it learn.Many Africans move to the west so that they can have higher education which is not available in Africa and tend to stay there once they have completed their studies. This is detrimental to Africas development and thus a solution to the problem would be to support the creation of a complete curriculum. This would lead to a massive contribution to the development of vocational and technical education in Africa thus improving Africas economy. So as it can s een, the economies for both Europe and Africa are at this lay time in contrast to each other but there is hope for Africa to become more dominant and influential in world personal business if the correct adjustments and policies are introduced to improve them.ReferencesFawcett, L., & Hurrell, A., Regionalism in World Politics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995, pg 43Ravenhill. J, Africa in economic crisis, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1986, pg 9www.ciaonet.org/isa/rajo

It is inhuman and offers no solution to unwanted pregnancies

Abortion is the act by which a pregnancy is prematurely alter to prove in the death of a foetus or unborn squirt. The life of the developing child is destroyed and the child therefore loses the chance of macrocosm born into this realism.Various methods are used to perform or carry out an spontaneous abortion such(prenominal) as use of medicine, surgery or any other methods of extraction some of which are very crude. Abortion dates way back into history and has been a social aversion that society has had to put up with for a long time. In traditional society such methods as botanical products, exerting pressure on the abdomen and use of sharpened as wellls were used to perform abortion.With move civilization these methods induct changed to result to more modern methods that are medically safe. Crude methods however cannot be ruled as many women will range to maintain secrecy about the whole issue or they may not afford to visit clinics (Riddle ,John M.).Several reasons lead to abortion but the most vernacular one is cast-off(prenominal) pregnancies. Such pregnancies result from failed methods of contraception, rape, incest or even careless or unprotected sex.Special cases such as complications arising from a pregnancy also result in abortion where the urgency to save the life of the mother becomes inevitable. In the course of medical examination doctors may also detect complications in the exploitation of a foetus and decide to terminate a pregnancy depending on the degree of destruction to the foetus.Pro-abortion activists argue that there is no need of bringing an unwanted child into this world. Children resulting from rape and incest for example come at a time when the mother is least ready for the responsibility. They are not conceived through a relationship and in the event of conception through rape the fathers may not even be known.Many people find it unhealthy to bring such children into the world because of the injustices they are likely t o face in society. Of all the injustices faced by children in the world however, abortion is the worst of them all as it denies an unborn child the most basic human right to be born and be raised in this world.Denying a child the right to live means that such a child loses the chance to be anybody in society and society has therefore been denied the services of great men and women through abortion (Edward Richards P, Katharine Rathbun C.).Despite rigorous campaigns against abortion, the evil has been on the increase in present day society.. This is due to advance in the field of medicine that has made abortion safer thus reducing the danger of death during the process.As a result, it has become an easy way out for many women especially young adults who engage in careless sex due to the blowsy nature of society today. But how safe is safe remains a topic of discussion regarding abortion.Though abortions carried out medically may be safe, the side personal effects may be far reachin g and may not be realised immediately. The reproductive system of a woman for example may be destroyed and she may not be able to have children in future.This is traumatic as the woman is unable to overcome the guilt of contributing to her thirstiness and the lack of children may lead to the break up of marriage where the woman is in such a relationship. The frustrations and psychological torment may be too much for the woman to bear (Edward R. P, Katharine R.C.).Due to increased number of abortions, a lot of people have come up with the argument that it should be legalised. They argue that legalising abortion will help to reduce abortion related deaths that result from crude methods because clinically induced abortion would now be accessible to those who wish to have it.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Twenty-five

Eddardmanufacturing business Arryns shoemakers last was a great sadness for any of us, my lord, Grand Maester Pycelle express. I would be more than happy to tell you what I discount of the manner of his passing. Do be seated. Would you c be for refreshments? Some dates, perhaps? I dumbfound some very fine persimmons as well. Wine no time-consuming agrees with my digestion, I fear, still I can offer you a cup of iced milk, sweetened with h unmatchabley. I find it closely refreshing in this heat.There was no denying the heat Ned could feel the silk tunic clinging to his chest. Thick, moist air cove trigger-happy the city like a damp woolen blanket, and the riverside had grown unruly as the poor fled their hot, airless warrens to jostle for sleeping places near the water, where the only breath of wind was to be found. That would be most kind, Ned said, seating himself.Pycelle lifted a lilliputian silver bell with thumb and forefinger and tinkled it gently. A slender young servi ng girl hurried into the solar. Iced milk for the Kings Hand and myself, if you would be so kind, child. closely sweetened.As the girl went to fetch their drinks, the Grand Maester k nonted his fingers together and rested his hands on his stomach. The smallfolk say that the last family of summer is always the hottest. It is not so, yet ofttimes it feels that way, does it not? On days like this, I envy you northerners your summer snows. The heavy jeweled chain around the disused mans get laid chinked softly as he shifted in his seat. To be sure, King Maekars summer was hotter than this one, and near as long. There were fools, even in the Citadel, who alsok that to mean that the extensive Summer had come at last, the summer that neer ends, notwithstanding in the seventh year it broke suddenly, and we had a short autumn and a life-threatening long winter. Still, the heat was fierce while it lasted. Oldtown steamed and sweltered by day and came alive only by night. We would wal k in the gardens by the river and argue astir(predicate) the gods. I remember the smells of those nights, my lordperfume and sweat, melons ripe to bursting, peaches and pomegranates, nightshade and moonbloom. I was a young man then, still forging my chain. The heat did not exhaust me as it does now. Pycelles eyeball were so heavily lidded he looked half-asleep. My pardons, Lord Eddard. You did not come to hear foolish meanderings of a summer forgotten before your tyro was born. Forgive an old man his wanderings, if you would. Minds are like marks, I do fear. The old ones go to rust. Ah, and here is our milk. The serving girl placed the tray between them, and Pycelle gave her a smile. Sweet child. He lifted a cup, tasted, nodded. Thank you. You may go.When the girl had taken her leave, Pycelle peered at Ned through pale, rheumy eyes. Now where were we? Oh, yes. You asked virtually Lord Arryn . . . I did. Ned sipped politely at the iced milk. It was pleasantly stone-cold, but o versweet to his taste.If truth be told, the Hand had not come outed quite himself for some time, Pycelle said. We had sat together on council many a year, he and I, and the signs were thither to read, but I put them down to the great burdens he had borne so faithfully for so long. Those broad shoulders were weighed down by all the cares of the realm, and more besides. His son was ever sickly, and his lady wife so anxious that she would scarcely let the boy out of her sight. It was teeming to weary even a strong man, and the Lord Jon was not young. Small wonder if he slangmed melancholy and tired. Or so I thought at the time. Yet now I am less certain. He gave a ponderous shake of his head.What can you tell me of his final complaint?The Grand Maester spread his hands in a gesture of helpless sorrow. He came to me one day asking after a certain book, as hale and healthy as ever, though it did seem to me that something was troubling him deeply. The next morning he was twisted over in pain, too sick to rise from bed. Maester Colemon thought it was a chill on the stomach. The stick out had been hot, and the Hand very oftentimes iced his wine, which can upset the digestion. When Lord Jon continued to weaken, I went to him myself, but the gods did not grant me the power to save him.I have comprehend that you sent Maester Colemon out.The Grand Maesters nod was as slow and deliberate as a glacier. I did, and I fear the Lady Lysa ordain never exculpate me that. Maybe I was wrong, but at the time I thought it best. Maester Colemon is like a son to me, and I yield to none in my paying attention for his abilities, but he is young, and the young ofttimes do not comprehend the frailty of an older body. He was purging Lord Arryn with wasting potions and pepper juice, and I feared he might kill him.Did Lord Arryn say anything to you during his final hours?Pycelle wrinkled his brow. In the last stage of his fever, the Hand called out the name Robert several times, bu t whether he was asking for his son or for the king I could not say. Lady Lysa would not permit the boy to enter the sickroom, for fear that he too might be taken ill. The king did come, and he sat beside the bed for hours, talking and joking of times long past in hopes of raising Lord Jons spirits. His love was fierce to see.Was there nothing else? No final words?When I saw that all hope had fled, I gave the Hand the milk of the poppy, so he should not suffer. Just before he closed his eyes for the last time, he whispered something to the king and his lady wife, a blessing for his son. The bug is strong, he said. At the end, his speech was too slurred to comprehend. Death did not come until the next morning, but Lord Jon was at peace after that. He never spoke again.Ned took an new(prenominal) swallow of milk, trying not to gag on the sweetness of it. Did it seem to you that there was anything unnatural about Lord Arryns death?Unnatural? The aged maesters voice was thin as a whisp er. No, I could not say so. Sad, for a certainty. Yet in its own way, death is the most natural thing of all, Lord Eddard. Jon Arryn rests easy now, his burdens lifted at last.This illness that took him, said Ned. Had you ever seen its like before, in other men?Near forty years I have been Grand Maester of the Seven Kingdoms, Pycelle replied. Under our good King Robert, and Aerys Targaryen before him, and his father Jaehaerys the Second before him, and even for a some short months under Jaehaeryss father, Aegon the Fortunate, the Fifth of His Name. I have seen more of illness than I care to remember, my lord. I will tell you this Every case is different, and every case is alike. Lord Jons death was no stranger than any other.His wife thought otherwise.The Grand Maester nodded. I recall now, the widow is sister to your own fearful wife. If an old man may be forgiven his blunt speech, let me say that grief can derange even the strongest and most disciplined of minds, and the Lady Ly sa was never that. Since her last stillbirth, she has seen enemies in every shadow, and the death of her lord husband left her shattered and lost.So you are quite certain that Jon Arryn died of a sudden illness?I am, Pycelle replied gravely. If not illness, my good lord, what else could it be?Poison, Ned suggested quietly.Pycelles sleepy eyes flicked open. The aged maester shifted uncomfortably in his seat. A disturbing thought. We are not the Free Cities, where such things are common. Grand Maester Aethelmure wrote that all men carry murder in their tits, yet even so, the poisoner is beneath contempt. He fell silent for a moment, his eyes lost in thought. What you suggest is possible, my lord, yet I do not think it likely. Every hedge maester knows the common poisons, and Lord Arryn displayed none of the signs. And the Hand was love by all. What sort of monster in mans flesh would dare to murder such a noble lord?I have heard it said that poison is a womans weapon.Pycelle stroked his beard thoughtfully. It is said. Women, cravens . . . and eunuchs. He cleared his throat and spat a thick glob of phelm onto the rushes. Above them, a raven cawed loudly in the rookery. The Lord Varys was born a slave in Lys, did you know? Put not your trust in spiders, my lord.That was scarcely anything Ned needed to be told there was something about Varys that made his flesh crawl. I will remember that, Maester. And I thank you for your help. I have taken enough of your time. He stood.Grand Maester Pycelle pushed himself up from his prexy slowly and escorted Ned to the door. I hope I have helped in some small way to put your mind at ease. If there is any other military service I might perform, you need only ask.One thing, Ned told him. I should be curious to examine the book that you lent Jon the day before he fell ill.I fear you would find it of little interest, Pycelle said. It was a ponderous tome by Grand Maester Malleon on the lineages of the great houses.Still, I shoul d like to see it.The old man opened the door. As you wish. I have it here somewhere. When I find it, I shall have it sent to your chambers straightaway.You have been most courteous, Ned told him. Then, approximately as an afterthought, he said, One last question, if you would be so kind. You mentioned that the king was at Lord Arryns bedside when he died. I wonder, was the queen with him?Why, no, Pycelle said. She and the children were making the journey to Casterly Rock, in company with her father. Lord Tywin had brought a retinue to the city for the tourney on Prince Joffreys name day, no doubt hoping to see his son Jaime win the champions crown. In that he was sadly disappointed. It fell to me to send the queen word of Lord Arryns sudden death. Never have I sent off a shit with a heavier heart.Dark wings, dark words, Ned murmured. It was a proverb Old Nan had taught him as a boy.So the fishwives say, Grand Maester Pycelle agreed, but we know it is not always so. When Maester Lu wins bird brought the word about your Bran, the message lifted every true heart in the castle, did it not?As you say, Maester.The gods are merciful. Pycelle bowed his head. Come to me as often as you like, Lord Eddard. I am here to serve. Yes, Ned thought as the door swung shut, but whom?On the way back to his chambers, he came upon his daughter Arya on the winding steps of the Tower of the Hand, windmilling her arms as she struggled to balance on one leg. The rough stone had scuffed her bare feet. Ned stopped and looked at her. Arya, what are you doing?Syrio says a water dancer can stand on one toe for hours. Her hands flailed at the air to steady herself.Ned had to smile. Which toe? he teased.Any toe, Arya said, aggravate with the question. She hopped from her right leg to her left, swaying dangerously before she regained her balance.Must you do your standing here? he asked. Its a long hard fall down these steps.Syrio says a water dancer never falls. She lowered her leg to stand on two feet. Father, will Bran come and live with us now?Not for a long time, sweet one, he told her. He needs to win his strength back.Arya bit her lip. What will Bran do when hes of age?Ned knelt beside her. He has years to find that answer, Arya. For now, it is enough to know that he will live. The night the bird had come from Winterfell, Eddard Stark had taken the girls to the castle godswood, an acre of elm and alder and black cottonwood overlooking the river. The heart tree there was a great oak, its ancient limbs overgrown with smokeberry vines they knelt before it to offer their thanksgiving, as if it had been a weirwood. Sansa drifted to sleep as the moon rose, Arya several hours later, curling up in the grass under Neds cloak. All through the dark hours he kept his vigil alone. When dawn broke over the city, the dark red blooms of dragons breath surrounded the girls where they lay. I dreamed of Bran, Sansa had whispered to him. I saw him smiling.He was going to be a knigh t, Arya was saying now. A knight of the Kingsguard. target he still be a knight?No, Ned said. He saw no use in lying to her. Yet someday he may be the lord of a great holdfast and sit on the kings council. He might raise castles like Brandon the Builder, or sail a enrapture across the SunsetSea, or enter your mothers Faith and become the High Septon. But he will never run beside his wolf again, he thought with a sadness too deep for words, or lie with a woman, or hold his own son in his arms.Arya cocked her head to one side. Can I be a kings councillor and build castles and become the High Septon?You, Ned said, kissing her lightly on the brow, will marry a king and rule his castle, and your sons will be knights and princes and lords and, yes, perhaps even a High Septon.Arya screwed up her face. No, she said, thats Sansa. She folded up her right leg and resumed her balancing. Ned sighed and left her there.Inside his chambers, he stripped off his sweat-stained silks and sluiced cold water over his head from the basin beside the bed. Alyn entered as he was drying his face. My lord, he said, Lord Baelish is without and begs audience.Escort him to my solar, Ned said, reaching for a fresh tunic, the lightest linen he could find. Ill see him at once.Littlefinger was perched on the window seat when Ned entered, watching the knights of the Kingsguard practice at swords in the yard below. If only old Selmys mind were as nimble as his blade, he said wistfully, our council meetings would be a good deal livelier.Ser Barristan is as valiant and honorable as any man in Kings Landing. Ned had come to have a deep respect for the aged, white-haired Lord Commander of the Kingsguard.And as tiresome, Littlefinger added, though I daresay he should do well in the tourney. Last year he unhorsed the Hound, and it was only four years ago that he was champion.The question of who might win the tourney interested Eddard Stark not in the least. Is there a reason for this visit, Lord Pety r, or are you here simply to enjoy the view from my window?Littlefinger smiled. I promised Cat I would help you in your inquiries, and so I have.That took Ned aback. Promise or no promise, he could not find it in him to trust Lord Petyr Baelish, who struck him as too apposite by half. You have something for me?Someone, Littlefinger corrected. Four someones, if truth be told. Had you thought to question the Hands servants?Ned frowned. Would that I could. Lady Arryn took her household back to the Eyrie. Lysa had done him no favor in that regard. All those who had stood closest to her husband had gone with her when she fled Jons maester, his steward, the captain of his guard, his knights and retainers.Most of her household, Littlefinger said, not all. A few remain. A pregnant kitchen girl hastily wed to one of Lord Renlys grooms, a stablehand who joined the City Watch, a potboy discharged from service for theft, and Lord Arryns squire.His squire? Ned was pleasantly surprised. A mans s quire often knew a great deal of his comings and goings.Ser Hugh of the Vale, Littlefinger named him. The king knighted the boy after Lord Arryns death.I shall send for him, Ned said. And the others.Littlefinger winced. My lord, step over here to the window, if you would be so kind.Why?Come, and Ill launch you, my lord.Frowning, Ned crossed to the window. Petyr Baelish made a casual gesture. There, across the yard, at the door of the armory, do you see the boy squatting by the steps honing a sword with an oilstone?What of him?He reports to Varys. The Spider has taken a great interest in you and all your doings. He shifted in the window seat. Now glance at the wall. farther west, above the stables. The guardsman leaning on the ramparts?Ned saw the man. Another of the eunuchs whisperers?No, this one belongs to the queen. Notice that he enjoys a fine view of the door to this tower, the better to note who calls on you. There are others, many unknown even to me. The Red Keep is full of eyes. Why do you think I hid Cat in a brothel?Eddard Stark had no taste for these intrigues. Seven hells, he swore. It did seem as though the man on the walls was watching him. Suddenly uncomfortable, Ned moved away from the window. Is everyone someones informer in this cursed city?Scarcely, said Littlefinger. He counted on the fingers on his hand. Why, theres me, you, the king . . . although, come to think on it, the king tells the queen much too much, and Im less than certain about you. He stood up. Is there a man in your service that you trust utterly and completely?Yes, said Ned.In that case, I have a delightful palace in Valyria that I would dearly love to sell you, Littlefinger said with a mocking smile. The wiser answer was no, my lord, but be that as it may. Send this paragon of yours to Ser Hugh and the others. Your own comings and goings will be noted, but even Varys the Spider cannot watch every man in your service every hour of the day. He started for the door.Lord Pety r, Ned called after him. I . . . am grateful for your help. Perhaps I was wrong to distrust you.Littlefinger fingered his small pointed beard. You are slow to learn, Lord Eddard. Distrusting me was the wisest thing youve done since you climbed down off your horse.

How does Wal-Mart Keep their competitive advantage Essay

Founded in 1962 by surface-to-air missile Walton, Wal-Mart has grown to be the largest discount retail chain in the world. Wal-Mart currently has over 6,500 thousand stores in 14 different countries, 1.8 million plus associates and nets sales this last quarter of over 85 billion dollars, an increase of 8.3 percent (walmart.com). The only other corporation larger than Wal-Mart to date is Exxon Mobile. So how does Wal-Mart keep their competitive advantage and sustain their position in discount retailing?Historically Wal-Mart main competitive advantage has been their emit price of brand name goods. Though their most important competitive advantage, it is not their only one. Wal-Marts competitive advantage is based off of some(prenominal) key strategic choices, not just their low prices.Their strategic choice of location has given Wal-Mart a first mover advantage. By Wal-Mart strategically placing their stores deep down the proximity of their distribution centers, Wal-Mart is able to keep their in-house inventory at a minimal. Their distribution network is based on the hub-and spoke concept, which step ups stores no more than a days drive from its distribution centers and replaces goods within 24 hours (refrigeratedtrans.com). Their distribution centers carry more than 85 percent of all merchandise sold by Wal-Mart. With over 3,000 tractors and 12,000 trailers, Wal-Mart has one of the largest private fleets in the country with an on-time delivery record of 99.5 percent, which Mauldin believes is not good enough, that anything less the 100% is unacceptable (refrigeratedtrans.com). non only has Wal-Marts strategic placement of their stores and distribution centers given them a competitive advantage, their strategic operations and inventory management has played a vital role in their success. Wal-Marts in-store inventory is kept at a minimum, allowing them to achieve maximum efficiency of their store floor space. Inventory is tracked by UPC scanners allowing Wal- Mart to better extend with vendors via satellite when supplies need to be replenished. This strategy helps Wal-Mart lower inventory cost, which allows them the ability to meet the demands of local consumers, and the ability to avoid overstocking. Thus in return boastful them a higher operational efficiency and keeping their prices significantly lowerthat other discount retail stores.According to A.T. Kearney, Wal-Marts three-biggest sources of cost advantage argon low corporate overheads, the efficiencies of its supply chain and above all, its low labor cost. However, I believe their biggest source of cost advantage is their corporate culture. Not only is this their biggest source, it is also the one source that will help Wal-Mart sustain their position in the future.Wal-Marts corporate culture dates back to the beginning when surface-to-air missile Walton founded Wal-Mart in 1962 with a vision to keep prices as low as possible. He also emphasized frugality, customer service, an o pen book policy, building trueness among associates, suppliers and customers (Wilbert, 2007). He built Wal-Mart from leading by example, and instilling in his people and his business a belief system that is still currently in place today (walmart.com).Sam Walton had three basic beliefs and 10 rules for building a business that he believed to be the secret of their success. His three basic beliefs were respect the soulfulness service to the customer and strive for excellence. He believed that applying these beliefs would make an associate a better person, which in return would make a better memorial tablet. All slap-up beliefs and argon still followed today (walmart.com).However it is the 10 basic principals where I believe gave Wal-Mart the competitive advantage and defines their culture. These basic principals areThe customer is always castigateWe are a merchandise-driven companyOur people make the differenceWe communicate with our associatesWe maintain a strong work ethicAssoc iates are partnersOur leaders are also servantsAssociates are empoweredWe have integrity in all we doWe control our expensesThese basic principal are the driving force of Wal-Mart. Sam Walton knew that in order to be successful that the associates held the key. That an unhappy associate could project their feelings to the customer and a business could not succeed by attracting one-time customers (walmart.com). Walton also knew that in order to develop a successful corporate culture,both management and employees had to work together, with the sole purpose of serving the customer. Wal-Mart has followed this culture for the past 45 years.Wal-Marts cost-leadership, culture, operations, geographic location, distribution system and organization strategy has all played a vital role in Wal-Marts success and will conduct to play a vital role in their future. Though some more important than others, without from each one one Wal-Mart could not duplicate their competitive advantage. Wal-Mart is an organization that shows a strong culture. Associates as well as outsiders can observe many elements of the culture within Wal-Mart. Every aspect of the culture has been instilled in each associate of this company and has helped make Wal-Mart successful and will continue to help them be successful (Berg, 2001). Wal-Mart is a large corporation which stands for the small town residential area values, that operates with the efficiency of a major corporation.ReferencesBerg (2001, July 2). Wal-Mart and Organizational Culture. Retrieved on May 26, 2007 from http//academic.emporia.edu/smithwil/001smmg443/eja/ardmg443ej.htmBernstein, J. and Bivens, J. (2006, June 15). The Wal-Mart Debate. A False Choice between Price and Wages. Economic Policy Institute. hump Brief 223Corporate Culture Provides Wal-Mart Competitive Advantage. 2002, July 1. Refrigerated Transporters. Retrieved on May 26, 2007 from http//refrigeratedtrans.com/mag/transportation_corporate_culture_provides/Wal-Mart Home Page. Retrieved on May 26, 2007 from http//walmart.comWilbert, C (2006). How Wal-Mart Works. How Stuff Works. Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http//money.howstuffworks.com/wal-mart.htm

Reformation Essay

The Reformation is a broad term used to describe the block of time beginning around 1500 A. D. extending through with(predicate) the mid-seventeenth century, with roots dating back to around the fourteenth century. Society was in something of an upheaval at the time and the perform was faced persistent heresy. A wave that would become known as the Protestant Reformation started in Ger publicy in the early 1500s and moved passim the German speaking countries to Scandinavia to the French and finally to England and Scotland.Differing from the Renaissance, the Reformation made an impact in most every Europeans life and forced population to make the decision among the old way and the tender. In the early stages of the Reformation there was a man, the pioneer of that Protestant Reformation that swept all over Europe, a man who ventured into a new arena of thought in relation to how the Church, his name was Martin Luther. 1 The following writing will be a of a sudden biographic wo rk of Martin Luther showing some of the events of his life and how through them, he changed the Church as well as contributed to the progress of the Reformation concluding with a locution at his life in a way to show more of who Luther was as opposed to what he did. Martin Luther was born in Eisleben Ger umteen on November 10, 1493 to begin with moving to Mansfield in 1484 where he att cease school before moving on to Magdeburg with the Brethren of the Common Life.From there he entered the University of Erfurt in 1501 where he was introduced to nominalist philosophy which taught the inability of natural reason to establish articles of credit. It was here that he also furthered his linguistic skills in the classical tongues, and graduated with his B. A. in 1502 and his M. A. in 1505. The winds of the Reformation had already begun to sally as Luther was growing up. He had been studying law, before being caught up in the religious revival that had been extending across Western Eu rope. 2 That July he was knocked to the demonstrate by lightning and the combination of those events, the death of a friend and issues inside himself he entered the chapter house of the Hermits of St. Augustine3 in Erfurt monastery of the Augustinian Eremites.At this time he was given his very prime(prenominal) Bible, which he studied relentlessly, studying carefully Romans and Galatians. He was also deeply into the works of Augustine as well as William of Occam and carried with himself the reputation of being a man of singular piety, devotion and monastic zeal. 4 To the objection of his father he took the vows in September 1506, was elected to study for the priesthood, and was made a deacon in February of 1507 and enact a priest on April 4 of that same year. His father attended his first Mass where he rebuked Martin for disobeying his parents. 5 At the monastery, Luther practiced ascetic excesses to try to bring some sense of inner peace. Johann von Staupitz helped him away fr om his life of standing fearfully in front of a Deity to responding in joy to the loving tenderness of graven image through Jesus Christ. In 1510 he went on a business trip to Rome to the Vatican where he was shaken and disturbed by the commercial, tacky splendor of the Vatican.In 1512, Luther began lecturing as a doctorate of immortal at Wittenberg, a position he would hold for the rest of his life. For the following 2 years he lectured heavily on the Psalms before shifting to Romans, Galatians, Hebrews and Titus in 1516. It was subsequently these studies that Luther became convinced that salvation is a new relationship with God, and that it was not a merit-based system but rather it came through placing trust in the promises of God. Humans would still sin, but would go away life as a forgiven sinner as a result of their relationship with Jesus Christ.It was also through these studies that Luther had his Gospel epiphany in 1516 while reading in Galatians 3 that the just shal l live by faith. At this time that Luther was released from his haunting sense of guilt and crossed over into the freedom that came from relying on Gods grace. During this time he was growing, discovering new convictions, and while he had not written them into an officially theology he did buzz off the principles that would be instrumental in and would define the Reformation man is warrant by faith alone, every believer has direct access to God and the Bible is the sole source of authority for faith and life.In 1517 Luther decided he needed to put these ideas into action. It was in that year that he came across a Dominican, Johann Tetzel, selling indulgences to Luthers parishioners. Going against Tetzels methods, bad theology and the fact that the passing water of cash was for a new St. Peters for Leo X, Luther preached against buying pardons and for relying on Gods grace for salvation. He had grown tired of this theology that was lacking Scriptural truth more or less(predica te) it.On October 31, 1517, the day for which many remember Luther, he tacked Ninety-five Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg intending to have the questions bring about academic discussion, not a document written to insight a revolt against the pontiff of the Church of Rome. The Theses were translated and circulated bringing about attacks from Tetzel and the dangerous Eck, labeling him a heretic. Luther was ordered by Leo X to appear at Rome in 1518 though it Frederck the Wise changed the hearing to Augsburg and it was through Fredericks fortress that Luther was able to survive.At the time of the hearing, Leo was drafting a papal bull describing indulgences in the exact fashion that Luther had questioned. In 1519 Luthers debate went publically with Eck and he admitted that he rejected other authority of popes and councils when they were not congruent to the Scriptures. To combat the view that he was going against everything the church stood for, he published cardinal works to clarify his views An Address to Christian Nobility of the German Nation, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church and the Liberty of a Christian Man. On Dec. 10, 1520, he was presented with a papal bull threatening to excommunicate him. He publicly burned the document along with a copy of the canon law, an open defiance of the popes authority in refusal to renounce any of his viewpoints Due to factors beyond just Luthers actions, the Wittenberg civil authorities looked on approvingly as their awkward was in a rebellious mood. Again he was summoned to appear before the pope, again refusing to budge from his position.A group of German churchmen, princes and nobles approached him one day lodge him to recant to which he replied, Unless I am refuted and convicted by testimonies of Scripture or by clear arguments, my conscience is bound in the news program of God I cannot and will not recant anything. I cannot do otherwise. Here I stand. God help me, Amen. It was Frede rick that again came to the rescue of Luther, saving him from almost certain calvary yet again, abducting him on his journey from Worms and holding him at the Wartburg Castle for ten months.Some consider Luthers time worn out(p) there in the castle his most valuable as, among other things, he translated the Greek Bible to German. Upon his return to Wittenberg in March of 1522 he set about organizing the reformation that had nigh crumbled under the enthusiastic, but unskilled leadership of such people as Carlstadt and Zwilling in Wittenberg. They had gotten a crowd together that started rampages, wrecking statuary and artwork, actions Luther quickly denounced and went about producing forms for instruction, worship and church government.The Peasants War came about in 1524, but Luther continued undeterred, holding to the position of upholding authority, calling for social justice and exhort the consideration for the economic welfare of the lower class. Luthers language used in urgin g the princes to put down the revolt was intemperate and he ended up alienating some of the lower class. 6 During his time in the castle, Luther set out writing a childrens catechism as well as a catechism for the common people. It was also during this time that he composed what some consider the battle hymn for the reformation Almighty Fortress Is Our God.He went on educational activity in his position, beginning to teach that priests could marry and soon met and married a former nun named Katharina von Bora who had followed him along with eight other nuns in fleeing from their convent in 1523 to take aim refuge in Wittenberg. 7 Together they produced six children of their own and opened their home to countless others as well as boarding students and other guests. 8 Luther continued to write, preach and teach and in 1530 he approved the Augsburg Confession and the Augsburg Apology as written by Philip Melanchthon.In 1573 Luther restated his doctrines in the Schmalkald Articles an d spent his remaining years spent in inactive and productive service, such as writing On Bondage of Will. Luther died in his home town of Eisleben after mediating a meeting between two princes and experiences mild chest pains9 in 1546. 10 The life of Martin Luther is something that one could marvel at, but there is more to this mans story than a substantial lot of scholarly achievements and raising questions that ended up causing Christianity to divide. He was a man of heavy(p) dear and was extremely focused on God, realizing that it was about God and not about himself.When Christ drove the people out of the church saying they made it a den of theives he is angry because he knows that things are not what they should be, and sees what they could become, Martin Luther is another man with the same sort of view. He saw things the way that they could be. This anger was not exclusive to just Luther and Christ, it happens within many men and comes from different places, but what is com mon is that they are angry at the denialnot to themselves alone, but to their fellowmen as wellof all they have seen of head in their solitude that has been proven in their own personal life.Luther, slated by some as the last angry man of the Reformation, was once quoted saying, I neer work better, than when I am inspired of anger when I am angry, I can write, pray and preach well, for then my whole temperament is quickened, my cause sharpened and my mundane vexations and temptations depart. His life was tumultuous and deep melancholy assaulted him, leaving him weak and desperately ill. Upon tasting the grace of God he was driven with peachy compassion to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ and publish the Word of God in the native tongue of his countrymen.His passion and resolute faith was so great that it was said that upon hearing him pray people would exclaim How great a spirit, how great a faith, was in his very words As a monk he vowed to crucify the flesh through fa sting, mortifications, and watchings struggling against deceitful thoughts and the evil inclinations of his heart. Nothing was too great a sacrifice if it would enable him to become a saint of acquired heaven. He was sold out on his quest for attaining holiness.He even claimed himself to be a pious monk stating that, If a monk could obtain heaven by his good works, I should, certainly those who have known me can testify. As he was carrying out this torture on himself he was confronted by John Staupitz, who asked him why he tormented himself the way that he did telling the young Martin, to look at the wounds of Christ, to the blood that he has shed for you. Luther was so engrossed up in literally beating himself up over his sins, he forgot a key element.Staupitz went on to tell him, Instead of torturing yourself on musical score of your sins, throw you self in the Redeemers arms. Trust in Himin the righteousness of His lifein the atonement of His death. Not long after his conver sations with Staupitz, Luther was done being an imitator, keeping to the rules of the religious order, but rather he was a new creation entirely, walking in the full assurance of faith confident that the God that began the good work in him, would perfect His work.For Luther Christ was no longer an option, Christ was the option, or as he said in his Commentary on Galatians, Christ is no lawgiver. He is the Lifegiver. 11 For Luther it was about knowing God, not having a knowledge of God, he was a man full of passion for his Savior, completely sold out on his Masters plan. It was so much so that he thanked God that he knew enough to believe that God knew more than he did and was able to rest in knowing that that would never change.Knowing that God was greater and surrendering to that knowledge was an undercurrent to Luthers life, he clung to the word of God for his confidence and promises, not to the tradition of men. 12 The Reformation is a broad term used to describe the period of t ime beginning around 1500 A. D. extending through the mid-seventeenth century, with roots dating back to around the fourteenth century. Society was in something of an upheaval and the church was faced persistent heresy.In the early stages of the Reformation Martin Luther was the pioneer of that Protestant Reformation that swept over Europe, and who ventured into a new arena of thought in relation to how the Church. 13 The previous writing was a short biographical work of Martin Luther showing some of the events of his life and how through them, he changed the Church as well as contributed to the progress of the Reformation concluding with a look at his life in a way to show more of who Luther was as opposed to what he did.

‘George’s Trains’ Working Capital Essay

Georges Train fail is a family owned pipeline that foc recitations on the sales and repairs of organise toys. George is running a profit satisfactory business, but as he is aware of my MBA Managerial Finance class, he has asked for advice on his on the job(p) keen practices. Although George is currently enjoying the benefits of a profitable business, there are opportunities for him to expand his business ventures. This offset starts by dissecting degree of warringness in working capital practices, current capital budgeting practices, and areas where he can improve in both arenas. In addition, awake management of the companys change flow exit allow Georges Train Shop to explore other business opportunities for growth as headspring as flourish with increased.Alshubiri investigated the relationship between the aggressive/conservative working capital policies and the impact on profit powerfulness and risk. The study indicated a negative relationship between the profitability measure of firms and banks and degree of hostility of working capital investment and financing policies (2011).Aggressive working capital policy is one in which you try to squeeze by with a tokenish investment in current assets coupled with an extensive use of short-term credit. Conservative working capital practices are those in which companies assure plenty of bullion in in the bank, warehouses are full of inventory and payables are all up to date (Bank, n.d.). In an attempt to cut expenses to a minimum, Georges Train Shop owner, George Olieux, manages working capital by keeping few inventory and reordering inventory when only 1 product model is left on ledge (Intelecom, n.d.). According to Bank, as you tighten inventory, your sales and accounts receivable might swoon because you could run short on product.Inventory shortages might result in reject revenue and collections as competitors with well stocked inventories steal your customers (n.d.). Moreover, you risk default and bankruptcy as you adopt more aggressive working capital policies, as tight inventories can lead to shortages and lost sales. Firms with aggressive working capital policies, such as Georges Trains Shop may not be able to generate more returns on assets by following aggressive approaches towards short term assets and liabilities. majuscule Budgeting refers to the process in which abusiness determines whether projects are value pursuing (Byrd, 2012) however, because the amount of capital available at any given time for new projects is limited, management needs to use capital budgeting techniques to determine which projects lead yield the most return over an applicable period of time (Investopedia, n.d.). When Olieux acquired the business, it was heavily dependent on sales of classic Lionel trains, but when demand dropped, he had to make capital budgeting decision and invest in new product lines (Intelecom, n.d.). George Olieux explored other product opportunities by analysis of trend s in the market. Because smaller trains and race cars were gaining popularity, Olieux decided to start selling race cars and smaller train models. The ability to identify which assets are expected to add value to the firm is central to the financial management role (Byrd, 2012).Georges capital budgeting technique taked observation of market trends and pursuing assets, such as race cars and small trains, that were trending at the moment. Since George did not use popular methods of capital budgeting, including net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period, George had to take a conservative route by first exploring the success of just one race car product line. A potential pitfall George uses in current capital budgeting practices is the lack of a advanced measure of capital budgeting, such as the net present value. Such methods can measure which projects can add value to the business as well as compare various investments to one another. The Net Present Value method measures the dollar added value the investment will bring to the firm. It is calculated by taking the present value of future currency flows minus the initial investment (Byrd, 2012). George has statements from previous years that document cash flows and business cycle trends.These statements include the timing and magnitude of cash flows, which include increased cash flows in the summer due to tourism, and reduced cash flows during income tax time. Using previous cash flow statements can help anticipate and calculate future cash inflows of a potential investment, such as the purchase of a Race auto or small train line, and can provide George with an accurate picture of the projects Net Present Value. The lack of a cash jounce is one primary reason small businesses fail therefore for small businesses, it is important to understand and manage the companys cash cycle (Byrd, 2012). The cash flow statement records the amounts of cashand cash equivalents entering and leav ing a company, and includes three components by which cash enters and leaves a company core operations, investing, and financing (Heakal, 2010).The operations section of the Cash give ear statement would include changes made in cash, accounts receivable, depreciation, inventory, and accounts payable (Heakal, 2010). This would include purchases of inventory and the sales of products/services. George keeps inventory levels to a minimum as an attempt to keep cash spending at a minimum, so frequent purchasing and selling of inventory is observed. The investing section of the Cash Flow statement would include Georges investment in acquiring the lease for the building and business, while the financing section includes loans for purchasing the business and interest paying(a) on those loans. A company can use a cash flow statement to predict future cash flow, which helps with matters in budgeting (Heakal, 2012) therefore I recommend that George use the business cash flow statement in eval uating capital budgeting projects, such as the addition of Race Car and small train product lines, as well as other potential ventures.Moreover, I recommend George use the statement of cash flow to understand how much cash is generate and how much of that cash stems from core operations, such as the sale of specific product lines or the repair services offered. The management of cash is obligatory to start, operate and expand a business. Before George can expand his business, he must prove to potential investors not just the profitability of the business, but the ability to pay short term obligations. By using sophisticated capital budgeting methods, such as the NPV, George can accurately asses the value added from potential investments. Through careful managing of cash flow statements, George has the potential to not just pay off short term obligations, but expand business ventures.ResourcesAlshubiri, F. (2011). The Effect of Working Capital Practices on Risk Management Evidence f rom Jordan. Global Journal of Business Research, 5(1), 39-54.Bank, E. (N.D.). Aggressive vs. Conservative Working Capital. Retrieved on9/5/2013, From website http//smallbusiness.chron.com/aggressive-vs-conservative-working-capital-65216.htmlByrd, J., Hickman, K., & McPherson, M. (2012). Managerial Finance. San Diego, CA BridgepointHeakal, R. (2010). What is a Cash Flow Statement? Retrieved on 9/8/2013, from website http//www.investopedia.com/articles/04/033104.aspINTELECOM. (Producer). Management of Working Capital Case Study Georges Trains. Video File. Retrieved from the Intelecom Video Library.Investopedia (n.d.). rendering of Capital Budgeting. Retrieved on 9/6/2013, from website http//www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalbudgeting.aspPalani, A. A.. & Mohideen, A. (2012). Impact of Aggressive Working Capital Management Policy on Firms Profitability. International Journal of Research in Commerce And Management, 3(3), 49-53.

Math Ib Ia Sl

Jonghyun Choe March 25 2011 Math IB SL Internal Assessment LASCAPS Fraction The goal of this task is to consider a set of fractions which be presented in a symmetrical, recur chronological succession, and to find a universal education for the pattern. The presented pattern is trend 1 1 1 Row 2 1 32 1 Row 3 1 64 64 1 Row 4 1 107 106 107 1 Row 5 1 1511 159 159 1511 1 Step 1 This pattern is known as Lascaps Fractions. En(r) will be used to represent the prises snarly in the pattern. represents the element number, starting at r=0, and n represents the course of action number starting at n=1. So for instance, E52=159, the second element on the fifth actors line. Additionally, N will represent the value of the numerator and D value of the denominator. To begin with, it is clear that in order to obtain a general line of reasoning for the pattern, two different literary arguments will be needed to combine to form whizz final recital. This heart and soul that there will be two different statements, one that illustrates the numerators and another the denominators, which will be stick together to find the general statement.To start the initial pattern, the pattern is split into two different patterns one demonstrating the numerators and another denominators. Step 2 This pattern demonstrates the pattern of the numerators. It is clear that all of the numerators in the n-th track ar equal. For example all numerators in course of study 3 are 6. 1 1 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 Row number (n) 1 2 3 4 5 Numerator (N) 1 3 6 10 15 N(n+1) Nn N/A 2 3 4 5 Table 1 The increasing value of the numerators in relations to the row number.From the table above, we potty see that there is a downward pattern, in which the numerator increases proportionally as the row number increases. It can be found that the value of N(n+1) Nn increases proportionally as the eon continues. The relationship between the row number and the numerator is graphically plo tted and a quadratic polynomial correspond determined, exploitation loggerpro. Figure 1 The equation of the quadratic fit is the relationship between the numerator and the row number. The equation for the fit is N= 0. 5n2+0. 5n or n2+n2, n0 Equation 1 In this equation, N refers to the numerator.Therefore, N= 0. 5n2+0. 5n or n2+n2, n0 is a statement that represents spirit 2 and also ill-treat 1. Step 3 In relation to table 1 and step 2, a pattern can be drawn. The difference between the numerators of two consecutive rows is one more than the difference between the previous numerators of two consecutive rows. This can be expressed in a formula N(n+1) N(n) = N(n) N(n-1) + 1. For instance, N(3+1) N(3) = N(3) N(2) +1. Using this method, numerator of 6th and seventh row can be determined. To find the sixth rows value, n should be plugged in as 5 so that N(6) can be found.As for the 7th rows numerator, n should be plugged in as 6. 6th row numerator is therefore N(5+1) N(5) = N(5) N(4)+1 N(6) 15 = 15 10+1 N(6) = 15+6 N(6) = 21 7th row numerator is therefore N(6+1) N(6) = N(6) N(5)+1 N(7) 21 = 21 15 +1 N(6) = 42 15 + 1 N(6) = 28 Not only by this method, but from the equation found in step 2, figure 1, 6th and 7th row numerator can be found also. 6th row numerator N(6)=0. 5? 62+0. 5? 6 N(6)=0. 5? 36+3 N(6)=21 th row numerator N(7)=0. 5? 72+0. 5? 7 N(7)=0. 5? 49+3. 5 N(7)=28 Consequently, these are the values of numerators up to the 7th row. 1 1 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Using the method in step 3 and equation 1 in figure 1, it is evident that the numerator in the 6th row is 21. Since both equations have brought same values, it can be concluded that equation 1 is a valid statement that demonstrates the pattern of the numerator.Equation 1 will be used later also, in order to form a general statement of the pattern of whole LACSAP Fractions. Step 4 When examining the denominators in the LAS CAPS Fractions, their values are the highest in the beginning, decreases, and then increases again. For example, the denominators in row 5 are 15 11 9 9 11 15. From this pattern, we can easily see that the equation for finding the denominator would be in a parabola form. broker 0 1 2 3 4 5 Denominator 15 11 9 9 11 15The relationship between the denominator and the element number is graphically plotted and a quadratic fit determined, using loggerpro. Figure 2 This parabola describes the relationship between the denominator and element number. The equation for the fit is D = r2 nr+r0 . In this equation, r refers to the element number starting from 0, and r0 being the premier denominator value in the row. n refers to the row number starting from 1. To see if this equation work, the 3rd denominator value in the 3rd row was measured. D = 22 3 ? 2+6 D = 4 6 +6 D = 4With this equation, it is evident that the 6th and 7th row denominator values can be found. We already know the first and last denominators from when numerators were found which are 21 and 28. 6th row second and sixth denominator D = 12 6 ? 1+21 D = 1- 6+21 D = 16 6th row third and fifth denominator D = 22 6 ? 2+21 D = 4- 12+21 D = 13 th row one-fourth denominator D = 32 6 ? 3+21 D = 9- 18+21 D = 12 7th row second and seventh denominator D = 12 7 ? 1+28 D = 1- 7+28 D = 22 7th row third and sixth denominator D = 22 7 ? +28 D = 4- 14+28 D = 18 7th row fourth and fifth denominator D = 32 7 ? 3+28 D = 9- 21+28 D = 16 Now, since the denominators in the 6th and 7th row are found, the sixth and seventh rows can be drawn and added in the LACSAPS Fractions. Consequently, these are the fractions up to the 7th row. 1 1 32 1 1 64 64 1 1 107 106 107 1 1 1511 159 159 1511 1 1 2116 2113 2112 2113 2116 1 1 2822 2818 2816 2816 2818 2822 1 Now that the patterns for the LASCAPS Fractions are found, all fractions can be expressed in the form En (r) when it is the (r+1)th element in the nth row, starting w ith r=0. The general statement of the pattern is clearly found when using the equations for the nominator and the denominator.Therefore, the general statement for En r will be En (r) = 0. 5n2+0. 5n r2 nr+r0 In order to see if the equation kit and caboodle correctly, we can plug in number and figure out if the general statement works out. For example, E7 (3) = 2816 = 0. 5n2+0. 5n r2 nr+r0 = 0. 5 ? (7)2+0. 5 ? (7) 32 7? 3+28 = 2816 . Here, it is clear that the formula is applicable. In order to strike sure that the general statement is valid, finding the additional rows of the recurring sequence of fractions by using the general statement above would be useful.Here, I chose to settle on 2 additional rows which are the eighth and 9th rows in the pattern. 8th row numerator N(8)=0. 5? 82+0. 5? 8 N(8)=0. 5? 64+4 N8=36 9th row numerator N(9)=0. 5? 92+0. 5? 9 N(9)=0. 5? 81+4. 5 N9=45 8th row second and eighth denominator D = 12 8 ? 1+36 D = 1- 8+36 D = 29 8th row third and seventh de nominator D = 22 8 ? 2+36D = 4- 16+36 D = 24 8th row fourth and sixth denominator D = 32 8 ? 3+36 D = 9- 24+36 D = 21 8th row fifth denominator D = 42 8 ? 4+36 D = 16- 24+36 D = 28 9th row second and ninth denominator D = 12 9 ? 1+45 D = 1- 9+45 D = 37 9th row third and eighth denominator D = 22 9 ? +45 D = 4- 18+45 D = 31 9th row fourth and seventh denominator D = 32 9 ? 3+45 D = 9- 27+45 D = 27 9th row fifth and sixth denominator D = 42 9 ? 4+45 D = 16- 36+45 D = 25 Thus, these are the fractions up to the 9th row. 1 1 1 32 1 64 64 1 1 107 106 107 1 1 1511 159 159 1511 1 1 2116 2113 2112 2113 2116 1 1 2822 2818 2816 2816 2818 2822 1 1 3629 3624 3621 3628 3621 3624 3629 1 1 4537 4531 4527 4525 4525 4527 4531 4537 1 This shows that the general statement for the symmetrical, recurring sequence of fractions is valid and will continue to work.

Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior †Socl215

phra prove 8, 2011 Phase 4 Individual Project Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior SOCL215 The sports sociology exists because of the strong relationship amidst sports and gild. As a culture, we as Americans value sports for the entertainment, physical activity and many otherwise benefits it provides to us. I desire that is the reason so much enquiry has gone into discovering how and why it affects us as a society. Sports ar approveed all over the world, particularly soccer and purseball in many parts of the globe. I am a really big furthernow of and enjoy football. It is my favored sport.During the fall and winter months much of my life-time rotates around being able to watch professional football feistys and to cheer for my front-runner aggroup, the Carolina Panthers. Its my favorite sport because I enjoy the energy, the heartyization, competition and action. Because it is so widely revered in America, it is not very(prenominal) difficult to find another foo tball fan or sports bar. Football is widely represented in the media which withal helps to be a fan. ESPN (Entertainment Sports Programing Network) covers games if you may earn missed a game or play as well as offer news about teams and players.During the local news pass on a sports segment is always included. And in local as well as nationally make newspapers a sports section is included. I however am not a typical viewer/fan in the football demographic. Most fans are inwardness aged white men that make $55,000. all the same the number of women honoring football is on the incline. According to the New York Times the number of women watching sunlight Night Football has increased 23 percent over the last two years. (Baker, 2011) The fan base for football is expanding for minorities as well. I think this is because more minorities are playing the sport.To get a check understanding of how sports and society affect one another I went to a local steep develop football game. I have always gone to football games as a fan, never as an observer and I knew this experience would be different. I decided to attend this event because I enjoy football and I knew a few of the students from work that go the high school. It was as well as an opportunity to drive more about high school, I usually only watch NFL (National Football League) football games. The following(a) are my observations from the athletic champaignwork done during the football game.The setting for this game was a high school football game was Carolina Forest High School. The elements that would affect bearing included banners, posters and cheerleaders. This affected the home team in a positive way as they feel more support and motivation. It could negatively affect the away(p) team as they feel intimidated and home team as they could feel more pressure to win. The attendees/fans were students, parents, cheerleaders, ROTC members, teachers and other dance team members. Most of the fans were white high school students between the ages of 14 to 17.I would posit it was divided pretty evenly between males and females. They seemed upper middle class with a few that seemed to be upper class. The players were similar to the fans as they were high school students, 14 to 17 years old and middle class but there were a few more black players than white. The dress of the fans was typical of teenagers. Students for the most part wore jeans, T-Shirts and flip flops. Many were shirts that had the schools logo and mascot on it. on that point was a group of young men with pilus dyed black and wore similar skateboard type attire.The students seemed to stay in groups together as did the parents. There emphatically seemed to be groups that stayed to themselves and did not socialize with anyone outside of their group. This behavior applied to parents and students. The students in these groups were of the same social class and did dress similarly. The atmosphere was very positive and h appy at the football games. The home team won which helped with the atmosphere. There were a couple moments of tension when the home team had a penalty or was losing. I saw symbolism in the flags apply by the high schools NJROTC rehearse field team.Other symbolism I saw was used by the referees. They used hand gestures to leave the penalties being issued to either team. The other observation I noticed was the language used during the football game. Students used chants that were exclusive to their school to show their support. There was also verbiage used to describe which down and field position the game was being vie at. There was also commentary from the announcers tell the audience which players were preforming which plays and their positions. From my field work I learned that energy of the game is in direct correlation of fans.Because many high school students dont know the rules of football and go to games as a form of culture only the energy isnt as high. However there s eemed to be less tension and employment among the fans as a result of this. When emotions run high, there is a greater risk of conflict. This seems to happen a lot in football because of the loyalty fans feel for their team. I previously stated in calendar week ones assignment that functionalist perspective was most useful when looking at the sociology of football because it played a part in society has a purpose to fulfill as a whole.And I still believe holds true. It helps to bring slew together, gives a sense of competition and a role mildew for children. It also helps fund the education of promising athletes and promotes good physical wellbeing. American football culture has a positive impact on society. College students that show promise are able to get a higher(prenominal) education on a full paid scholarship. This allows more potentially more successful people in society. People throughout the world love sports. Mankind loves to get together for a popular interest and ce lebrate.Even in the face of war and other devastating losses, we as a society pass on feel hope and inspiration from the victory of our sports team. This is the reason why sociologists are so raise in researching sports. It is a strange and intriguing phenomenon. I think the reason the so many come in is the social status it gives you. Children look up to athletes as role models. There is also the factor of silver as well. Fans will dedicate a lot of money and loyalty to their favorite players. I also think they enjoy the feeling of having people rely on their abilities and come from very far away to watch them play.Many just have a passion for the sport they play. Fans play large roles in society. One way they do this is by providing economy to metropolitan areas that have professional or college sports teams. They are also the reason why sports media has grown to be what it is now. If it werent for fans there would be need to have things, like instant replay that has helped th e integrity of many sports. We wouldnt have tailgate parties so more members of society can come together for a common interest. The importance of sport varies with the individual. It plays little or no role in the lives of some people.For others, it is a light diversion from the cares of everyday life. But for many, it is a central feature of their existence. (Delaney, 2003) Sports will continue to play a part in society, people will gather from all across the world to watch sports like we do with the Olympics. There will also be controversy and conflict but I believe the benefits of enjoying sports still make being a sports fan worth the effort. References Baker, K. (2011, January 28). Gridiron Girls. Retrieved September 8, 2011, from nytimes. com http//www. nytimes. com/2011/01/30/magazine/30FOB-wwln-t. html? _r=1 Delaney, T. (2003). Sports and Deviant Behavior.Retrieved September 8, 2011, from philosophynow. org http//www. philosophynow. org/issue41/Sports_and_Deviant_Behavior Response to Peer Discussion Board Suggestions and Questions I think the number of women watching football is unsurprising because many women have men in their lives that love football and expose women to the sport. I grew up watching the New York Giants because my father and our family favored that team. I stopped watching football so often until I met my husband and now we watch every game that is played by his favorite team. If I didnt have these influences didnt exist in my life, I wouldnt watch sports at all.Ive always enjoyed independent research. I like to work with groups and on my own which is a tremendous benefit to going to Colorado Technical University. I like being able to physically research and see for myself the ideas and concepts that are in our textbook. It makes the subject of Sociology feel more real. An interesting point is that fan behavior is not only affected by the game it is also affected by the team or sponsor they play for. I think its very true that som e fans are definitely fair weather. Meaning a fan likes a team or supports a team because they win or are winners.I believe in supporting a team even if they retire or are not a very popular team. Another point I didnt mention was how fans affect the player moral in a game. I think that if fans are hearty for a team and have good energy that this can affect a team in good and baffling ways good because the team will try to perform better and bad because they may not perform as well because they feel they dont need to try as hard. There can also be the opposite effect of a team that is not doing well and is not being supports. They can either succumb to the negativity or work harder to get the best it.

Nutrition and Diet Therapy Essay

As maven can see from this table, my large small calorie consumption was consistently under or at the maximum limit that Supertracker set for me. Compared to the premier fare journal and regimen psycho abstract that I completed this is a drasticchange for the better. I followed my own passport to decrease my daily thermic intake from the branch dieting analysis. As you may rec either from my first diet analysis, I exceeded my summation calories limit for each of the five days one day I consumed over 2500 calories. I was uplifted to see that I was capable of making such a levelheaded change by using a little self-control. c) According to the five-hundred rule, in order to lose or gain one impound of corpse fat per week, one must have a deviance of 500 kcalories both way (500 more to gain, 500 less to lose) than the body uses per day for 7 days. This adds up to a residuum of 3500 kcalories in order to lose a pound (Lutz & Przytulski, 2011). For day one, I consumed 56 1 kcalories less than my limit of 1800 kcal.On day twain, I ate 789 kcal less than my limit and burned 822 kcal by biking. On day three, once again I ate 565 kcal less than my limit and burned 822 kcal by biking. I ate 480 kcal less than my body used on day four. However, day five consisted of almost the full 1800 kcal (1795 exactly) consumed and expended. For the whole week, this adds up to a difference of 4,044 kcal. In other words, I lost a little over a pound during the week of 10/7-10/11 because I ate 2400 kcal less than my body used and burned 1644 kcal by means of corporal activity. As you may recall, I did non engage in any physical activity during the first diet analysis, so doing so played a large role in my success.d)(United States Department of Agriculture).In comparing the meal summary reports from diet analysis one to diet analysis 2, I see that I ate less overall during the quantify period for diet analysis two. For a couple of the days, I didnt wash up very mu ch for dinner and for almost all for the days, I decreased my portion sizes. For example, on 10/10, I only ate one deletion of French toast for break devalued. Before I completed my first diet analysis and recommendations, I efficacy have eaten two or three slices at a time. Also, I ate less fast food during the second diet analysis compared to the first this fulfills near other recommendation (decrease fast food intake). Likewise, I can see in this meal summary that I made the effort to eat fruits and vegetablesanother recommendation fulfilled.e) I did indeed change my physical activity for this diet analysis. I rode my bike two nights out of the five for an hour each time. This is an improvement compared to my complete lack of physical activityduring the first diet analysis. I think I made the change because of how awful it looked on paper to not have exercised at all for almost a full week. Additionally, it felt good to be doing something healthy for my body and Im glad I mad e the effort.f) The three foods highest in kcalories are listed in the table belowFoodNumber of kcalMacaroni and cheese672Chili with beef, beans, and cheese635Chicken pot pie486From the first diet analysis, the following were the foods highest in kcal and their number of kcal FoodNumber of kcalDouble cheeseburger748Burrito628Potato salad525Comparing the two, I see that my food with the highest number of calories for diet analysis two was lower than the food with the highest number of calories from diet analysis one. In other words, I improved in that the foods that I consumed for diet analysis two were not quite as high in caloric count. g) I could still use some tips and guidance as to how to reduce the number of calories that I consume in order to continue to catch caloric recommendations. So, upon researching the topic, I found that according to an article by Harms et al. (2012), in that respect are two unanalyzable ship canal of reducing the number of calories in ones diet. F irst, eliminating food items that are high in calories and replacing them with food items that are low incalories can make a big difference in ones total calorie count.For instance, I could eliminate about 136 calories for every time that I replace a can of Coke for a bottle of sparkling pissing. This concept and recommendation is more appealing to me and has a better chance of success than my earlier recommendation from diet analysis one of simply eliminating Coke. Another example of an exchange that I could make is switching from 2% milk to skim milk in order to cut the calories in half while still receiving the well(p) nutrients of milk like calcium and vitamin D (Harms, R. W. et al. 2012). The second way that I could reduce my total calorie count is by reducing the sizes of the portions of food that I am consuming. In the article by Harms et al. (2012), there is a good reminder that as the serving size is increased, the total number of calories increases so, if I eat double or triple the serving size, I am also eating double or triple the total calories. As I stand right now, I do not instruct food labels.However, if I would read the food labels of the foods that I eat in order to discover the full-strength serving size and calorie count, I am sure that I would be enlightened. An example of a reduced serving size for me could be eating a 4 inch pancake instead of a 6 inch pancake, eliminating more than half of the calories consumed (Harms, R. W. et al. 2012). Reducing portion sizes was also a recommendation from my first diet analysis, yet I did not know the impact it could have on my calorie count. Another step I can take in reducing the total number of calories that I am consuming is by not skipping meals.As I look at my first diet analysis as well as my second one, I can see where I skipped meals besides drinking a glass of milk for breakfast or a can of Coke or a bottle of water for lunch or dinner. This is not a wise choice. Skipping meals makes a soul hungrier, in turn making it more difficult to limit portion sizes and make healthy food choices at the next meal. Instead, filling up on foods that are high in fiber and water like fruits, vegetables, and soups can help with satiety while controlling and reducing caloric intake.References5 ways to cut 500 calories from your diet. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.boston.com/lifestyle/health/gallery/500_calories?pg=6 Harms, R. W., Berge, K. G., Hagen, P. T., Litin, S. C., Sheps, S. G., Edwards, B. S., Pruthi, S. (2012, June 19). Counting calories getting back to burden loss basics. Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/calories/WT00011/NSECTIONGROUP=2 Lutz, C. A. & Przytulski, K. R. (2011). Nutrition and diet therapy (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA F. A. Davis Company United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). meal summary report. Retrieved from https//www.supertracker.usda.gov/MealSummaryReport.aspx