The Story of an Hour Reflection

A Reflection on The taradiddle of an Hour Rose Rankin Shashonda Porter ENG cxxv December 12th, 2011 A Reflection on The Story of an Hour thickset The short apologue The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin was written in 1894. In the beginning of the story, we discover that Mrs. Louise mallard has a heart condition, just she is also said to be young. Which to me seemed odd, but I overlooked this event so that I could continue the story. Mrs. mallards sister Josephine and Mrs. mallards husband friend Richard came to her house to break the invigorateds of the oddment of her husband in a railroad disaster.They tried to tell her the news gently, because of her condition. To them she seemed to re fiddle how a new widow should. She wept and collapsed in her sisters arms, before path to her room to be alone. This is where the story soon takes a turn. thither in her room, she was actually crying because of happiness of the death rather than sadness. Her sister thinks Mrs. mallard is maki ng herself sick. In the final paragraphs, Mrs. mallard leaves her bedroom, when her husband walks into the front door, Mrs. mallard than passes away at the sight of her husband. Structure/ Key Terms The Story of an Hour was told in the 3rd person point of view, which en opens the indorsers to have a better view and understanding of the story. I noticed Kate Chopin used rather a bit of symbolism in the story as well. For instance, Mrs. Mallard wel stupefys the new spring life through the window of her room. This symbolizes a new beginning of her new life without her husband. The intuitive sensation is ironically relief and joy, notwithstanding the news of death. One would think that sadness and instability would be the tone. However, Chopin uses particular(prenominal) language and events to portray otherwise.My thoughts of the story the present story is not only brief and clear but also compelling and complex, and it easy lends itself to a variety of critical approaches (R. C . Evans, 2001). This story was very captivating. I was able to use my imagination to see the characters in effective form. Kate Chopin, author of the story went into great tip to portray the setting in the story as well as the tone. At first glance, I thought the tone set for this story was sad and depressing. But I soon realize it was more of relief and happiness.I couldnt servicing but to be swept away to this time period and feel as if I were witnessing the situation first hand. At first I couldnt help but to feel a sense of sadness for Louise Mallard. I call up she had just lost her husband. But I soon realized when she fled to her room, that I felt relieved with her. I felt the empowerment with Louise Mallard. Kate Chopin goes into great detail describing the feeling and emotions that come over Mrs. Mallard after she escapes to her room. Chopin describes the scenery impertinent of Mrs. Mallards window to be spring in full bloom. These details provide a look at Mrs.Mallard s new life without her husband. She was relieved that he had passed away. She was on the loose(p), free, free (Clugston, 2010, Chopin, 1894). Later, Chopin goes into more detail on how Mrs. Mallard is feeling, in the following paragraphs. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome. . There would be no powerful will bending hers in that slur persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to trim back a private will upon a fellowcreature.A genial intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination. Free Body and soul free she unploughed whispering (Clugston, 2010, Chopin, 1894). As Mrs. Mallard returns downstairs her husband enters the room, Mrs. Mallard readily passes away. I cant help to question the reasoning foot her death. Was it the surprise of her husbands ret urn that made her heart to geological period beating? Or was it more on the lines of she wont beat this new bound freedom she was dreaming of that caused her heart to fail?I cant help but to think it was her freedom all of a sudden disappearing that ended her life at a young age. I recently read a chapter from a source provided. It lists students perspective on certain points in the story. Students were asked to analyze the following statement as a reader-response critic She said it over and over under her breath free Free Free (Clugston, 2010, Chopin, 1894). Barbara Larson (a student from auburn University) states breaks down from each one subdivision of the statement.She says The words under her breath might also encourage the reader to feel an intimacy with Louise and thus regard her sympathetically, since the reader is allowed to share a very personal moment. Likewise, by placing exclamation marks after each use of free, Chopin may be encouraging the reader to chare Louise s lighting about this new-found liberty (B. Larson, R. C. Evans, 2001). Larsons statement describes my feeling towards this statement exactly. aft(prenominal) reading the statement I felt a connection with Mrs. Mallard in a sense of I have experienced the feeling of freedom.Not that a past love passed away, more like a past love finally released me from the grasp I felt some my neck when I was with him. I felt a connection with Mrs. Mallard at that very point in the story. References * R. W. Clugston (2010) Journey to Literature Retrieved from https//content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2 * R. C. Evans (2001) Close Readings Analysis of Short Fiction from Multiple Perspectives by Students of Auburn University Montgomery Retrieved from http//site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/docDetail. action? docID=10015376&p00=kate%20chopin

Individual Study Guide Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary Essay

Complete the simulation, Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing, located on the student website.Write a 1,050- to 1,450-word summary in which you address the hobby for each of the three major phases in the simulationThe situationYour recommended solutions, including whereforeYour resultsSummarize the different marketing components addressed in this simulation by answering the side by side(p) questionsWhat is the relationship between differentiation and positioning of harvest-homes or services? Is the repositioning of the reaping in the simulation as you had judge it to be? Explain why or why not. What is the effect of the product vitality cycle on marketing? What effect did the product flavor cycle have on the product in the simulation? order your paper consistent with APA guidelines.Complete the simulation, Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing, located on the student website.Write a 1,050- to 1,450-word summary in which you address the following for each of the three major phases in the simulationThe situationYour recommended solutions, including whyYour resultsSummarize the different marketing components addressed in this simulation byanswering the following questionsWhat is the relationship between differentiation and positioning of products or services? Is the repositioning of the product in the simulation as you had expect it to be? Explain why or why not. What is the effect of the product life cycle on marketing? What effect did the product life cycle have on the product in the simulation? coif your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Book Review “The Rise of Christianity by Rodney Stark”

Mr.. unfinished uses a note valued approach to explain his theories on how Christians could shake off gained so some(prenominal) commutes without tremendous methods. This quantitative approach included the use of numerical projections based on historic documents and sociological advises to produce his own prediction on how Christianity grew. He uses economic language is used to attempt to cryst every(prenominal)ize sociological lore accessible to the commentator, and depicts converts as rational consumers making an Informed decision_ There Is a distinct academic style to his words, which can come across as linear and pretentious.Although he is non trained as a historian, exacting provides a sufficient diachronic context from which to understand the sociological in stageion. wicked draws valid conclusions that should not be disregarded, nevertheless his style and format atomic number 18 not effective, as they do not truly cater to each a professional or non-profess ional audience. His emotional use of capitalized words, quotations, and Italics Is unnecessary and necessitates credibleness away from his argument. The organization of this script does not follow a snapper thesis, but Jumps around to countless propositions and ends without a succinct conclusion Rodney strict was raised inJamestown, North Dakota. He started his professional life as a newlys reporter, but was quick to overcompensate his education. Following a electrical circuit of duty in the U. S. Army, he received his Ph. D. From the University of California, Berkeley, where he held appointments as a research sociologist at the Survey Research midsection and at the Center for the Study of Law and Society. He has since taught Sociology and comparative Religion at the university of Washington and Baylor university. He has published 32 books and much than 160 erudite articles on subjects as diverse as prejudice, crime, suicide, and city life in ancient Rome. Most of his wo rk has been with the study of religious sociology, and he has held several(a) prestigious academic positions on boards relating to the subject. He also has won a number of national and International awards for distinguished scholarship. 3 In The Rise of Christianity, Rodney ascetic Is very clear to the highest degree his professional culture versus his historical interests throughout this entire book.He wants the reader to know that he is number one and foremost a sociologist, and that his interest in including historical context is non- professional. In his preface, he writes, I have always been a history buff, but for cost of my c arer I never really considered working with historical materials myself. I was content to be a sociologist and to spend my measure try to formulate and test sociology of religion. The Rise of Christianity is a sociologists theory on how Christianity became the leading power in the world. inexorable wants his reader to know that he is not a histor ian, but adds historical information to give the sociological figures context. This is wherefore he forever and a day reiterates that he is writing for a non- professional audience. Stark begins by explaining the arithmetic of harvest-tide. This is a ERM he uses to explain to the reader that sociology has a lot to do with projecting verse. In his eldest chapter, he establishes a probable growth rate at which Christianity could have braggart(a) to its size in population by year DADA.He projects what the population should have been based on historical accounts as well as figures from scripture, and uses references from an opposite(prenominal) historians and sociologists to provide credibility to his projection. From here he explains that a steady growth rate of around forty percent per decade from the set-back of the achievement would not have required great miracles to achieve its large numbers by the year 350. Next, he registers his first tenablenessing for not sole(pre nominal) numerical growth, but the growth of influence and prestige in the Christian cause. He begins by refuting the claim that Christianity was initially a movement of the put down classes.He presents a few propositions or so the value of converting to a new religion, and why it would have been probable for some early Christians to be prominent or wealthy figures in society. Stark explains that many of these diversitys would have been Jews. He presents the affectionate benefits of cultural continuity that specifically catered to Jews, as well as lively favorable networks among Jews and Christians. He uses social scientific theory to explain why it is probable that the mission to the Jews did not fail, as would have been previously thought.Christian ism paired with the plague ridden papist empire presented a favorable combination for making Christianity kind to potential converts, and weakening the Pagan population. Love thy neighbour as thyself, a well- cognize doctrin e directed Christians to tend to their inauspicious during times of plague. Pagans behaved in the opposite way Throwing them (the ill) into the roads before they were utterly and treated unburied corpses as dirt. This caused the disease to spread to a greater extent deadly through the pagans.They left bodies in the open, spreading germs (which they didnt know existed) pronto. Pagans that were chill out alive were more likely to convert to Christianity, recognizing the operose community and more favorable philosophy. Starks next proposition for why Christianity spread so quickly had to do with its unique appeal to women, something paganism was missing according to Stark. The intimate commitment of husbands to their wives was a new concept of this time. This was an ideology that was attractive to women, because of the lack of respect for women in pagan culture.Infanticide, abortion, and undervaluing the male life were explanations for Starks theory that Pagans lacked doctrines a nd set that would provide them with fertile women and an abundant population. Christians marital commitment to one another, their value of the female life, and non-existent infanticide or abortion would have led to them having a significantly larger population according to Stark. Using these projections, he goes on to present numerical predictions that would have provided Christians with a larger population want to take refuge in the perceived safety of the Christian community.The Christians were well known to have grown more often than not in urban settings, according to Stark. He paints a depiction of what Roman cities what would have been like during the rise of Christianity, and the picture is not pretty. He specifically focuses on the city of Antioch, and describes a city with a life expectancy in the early twenties, no plumbing, cramp living quarters, crime, and constant natural disaster. Christianity told its followers that the chaos of the world was outlay enduring, bec ause your reward for your good work here will be in the Kingdom of Heaven.This theology, according to Stark, would have been especially attractive to inhabitants of Roman cities who constantly suffered. He concludes his final chapters by reinforcing his theory that the chaos and suffering during this time presented Christianity with a rare opportunity to grow from a cult movement to a world power. He emphasizes the gentle and kind Christian dogma, and how inhabitants of Roman cities and surrounding areas would have embraced that new kind of theology. He explains that Christian justice was attractive, and this caused consistently high conversions.According to Stark, there was no need for miraculous conversion events to achieve Christians scale of growth. The opportunity a disordered Roman Empire presented to he Christian cult, permitted a steady growth rate to continue through the first quadruplet centuries A. D. In his preface, Stark states that some of his chapters were pen firs t as essays for scholarly Journals to see how an audience would react to his thoughts on the subject. This explains why the structure of his book is not fluid, and has no sense of continuity.He explains that this book was a bit of a hobby project for him to combine his profession of sociology with his love for history. l am a sociologist who sometimes works with historical materials and who has, in preparation of this illume, done his best to master the pertinent sources albeit mostly in English. His sociological conclusions are reliable and interesting, but his have has mostly been science writing. Stark may need more execute writing to a non-professional audience to gain a sense of fluidity, and clarity.The format of this book is stimulating (for me, a person who loves scientific writing) half of the time, and the other half of the time it is difficult to read. An excerpt from his first chapter reads, Since this book is a work of both history and social science, I have pen it f or a nonprofessional audience. In this way I can key out sure the social science is fully accessible to historians of the early church, slowdown preventing social scientists from becoming lost amidst obscure historical and textual references.By stating that his elect audience is nonprofessional, he gives himself the freedom to add in these unnecessary comments about sociologists being unable to follow textual references. Putting the sociological figures into historical context for Stark seems forced and slightly pretentious At the beginning of each new chapter, Stark clearly states his thesis, provides any previous propositions he may have had on the subject, and eaves little room for opposition.He provides ample sources of other historians and social scientists that are in agreement with his theses, but few refutations. Rodney unembellished provides a central proposition to this work in the first chapter, mutation to new, deviant religious groups occurs when, other things being equal, people have or develop stronger attachment to members of the group than they have to but it seems to be an staggeringly over simplified explanation of why people convert to new religions.He does not address any other possible reasons for making the hootch to convert to a new religion such as, connecting with the theology of a religion of which one has no social connections, having social connections in a religious group that are negative, but overlooking this fact to obey individual growth within a religion, or having equally strong connections to individuals that associate with different religions, but making a choice to convert to a religion based on personal free-will.This main proposition that people only convert when their social connections inside that religion are stronger than connections outside of that religion mess more like one reason out of many, rather than the main proposition to tie in all other information. He makes very clear that his position is that, wi thout strong social connections to members of a new cult, or sect, potential members will not make the rational choice to convert. Within this proposition, there are certainly many underrepresented converts. Mr..Stark excessively uses capitalized words, quotations, and italics to make his argument. Examples of this usage can usually be shew in the first few sentences opening a chapter. His opening passage of The Role of Women in Christian Growth dads, Amidst contemporary denunciations of Christianity as ancient and sexist, it is easily forgotten that the early church was so especially attractive to women that in 370 the emperor Valentine (Pagan) issued a written order to Pope capital of Syria requiring that Christian missionaries cease calling at the homes of pagan women.Although some clear writers claimed that women were easy prey for any foreign superstition, most recognized that Christianity was signally appealing (p. 95) It is important that not only the emotional use of it alics and quotations be cited here, but also the leading sentence. This sentence introduces this works next pitfall, which is that Stark brings up irrelevant topics to heatedly dismiss other scholars who he disagrees with.In the diction of the leading sentence mentioned above, Stark dismisses the unidentified contemporaries he refers to as denouncing Christianity as patriarchal and sexist. This disagreement is irrelevant in the context of this book, because he suddenly refers to Christianity as a whole (patriarchal and sexist) as opposed to the Christianity of the first four centuries A. D. In The Rise of Christianity hen Rodney Stark is citing historical documents regarding the four centuries A. D. It is clear to the reader that Christianity may very well have been the leading feminist religion in the year 370. It is irrelevant to rant about his distaste for contemporaries who think Christianity is sexist in general. William Grimes, writer for the raw York Times, says it best in h is review of another Rodney Starks, The Victory of Reason Mr.. Starks aggression often gets the better of him. He is contemptuously dismissive. References The Rise of Christianity by Rodney Stark

Respiration and Photosynthesis

Respiration and Photosynthesis All life depends on two chemical replys Respiration and Photosynthesis. These two outgrowthes argon quite crucial because they ar a source to securely all life on Earth. Both of these puzzle outes are quite alike(p) yet differentiate vastly. In this essay Ill be comparing and contrasting Photosynthesis and Respiration. Ill start by discussing what actually happens in both these processes and how? Moving on to the energy transfers these processes go finished and how these reactions relate to separately new(prenominal)wise.Plants feed using a process called Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the chemical change which happens in the leaves of green plants. Its the first ill-treat towards make food non just for plants but ultimately all animal on the planet. During this reaction carbondioxide and piddle are converted into glucose and oxygen. For this reaction to occur both carbon and nitrogen are absorbed from the root as nitrate and so is ca rbon as carbondioxide from the air and it withal wishs energy as the reaction is endothermic, therefore the energy is well-to-do from the sun.This is absorbed by a green substance called chlorophyll in the leaf. Therefore, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts which are present in the palisade cells (found near the top of the leaf. ) (fig 1 ) As chloroplasts contain a green paint called chlorophyll, which absorbs comfortable energy needed to make photosynthesis happen. The equation for this reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O+ lax energy C6H12O6 + 6O2Sugars created in photosynthesis butt end be later converted by the plant to starch for storage, or it can be combined with other sugar molecules to form specialized carbohydrates such as cellulose, or it can be combined with other nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, to build mixed molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, cellular public discussion is reversibly related to photosynthesis because it takes in light energy and respiration gives out energy, which is used by the body as the glucose is converted into starch or stored.Oxygen is consumed unlike in photosynthesis, although in respiration energy is released in a more controlled and manageable way. During photosynthesis water and carbondioxide are chemically combined to make glucose and oxygen. The equation as follows C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O In addition, respiration and photosynthesis are both processes which depend on each other on a very wide scale. Fig 2 explains this. (Fig 2 ) Shows a steering wheel and how photosynthesis and respiration are dependent on each other.As the leaf farms oxygen through photosynthesis and then that oxygen is inhaled by an animal. Later, the animal breathes out carbondioxide, and that is then absorbed by the plants through leaves by the air, in order for respiration to happen making this ongoing cycle continue. Though photosynthesis only takes place in leaves of plants (inside palisade cells) during the presence of light, respiration takes place in every living organism inside the mitochondria of the cell, with or without light being present or not.As all cells need energy through the sugar they made in their leaves oxygen moves through diffusion through the plant from cell to cell. Any oxygen not used by the plant in respiration, leaves the plant through petite holes under the leaf called stomata. Thats then part of the air we breathe, making the whole process start again. Thats how closely photosynthesis and respiration are linked to each other. Whilst, both respiration and photosynthesis are quite similar yet unlike at the same time. Respiration is a process by which energy is liberated.On the other hand photosynthesis is a social function where energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules as in, photosynthesis is an anabolic (constructive) process, resulting in the make up of carbohydrate molecules. While in respiration a catabolic (destructive) process occu rs, resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules. So, respiration results in a loss in dry mass where photosynthesis is totally the opposite, it results in a gain in ordinary mass. Furthermore, there are enzymes involved in the process of respiration.Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a reaction. The natural compounds that are broken down are substrates. Glucose is the most common substrate. The popular equation for respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP During respiration, glucose undergoes glycolysis forming pyruvic acid. Glycolysis consists of nine separate chemical reactions, each catalysed by a specific enzyme. The key players in glycolysis are the enzymes dehydrogenase and a coenzyme (a non-protein helper). So, in photosynthesis is catalysed by chlorophyll.To summarize, photosynthesis takes the raw ingredients of water, carbondioxide and uses light to make glucose and oxygen. Despite, respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbondioxide and water as waste products. Both these processes takes place in cells bar respiration takes place in the mitochondria of a cell. Photosynthesis is catalysed by chlorophyll acting in concert with lipids or sugars, while in respiration dehydrogenase is used. Nevertheless, photosynthesis and respiration both are a part of an ongoing cycle and snuff it together in order for plants or animals to survive.

Research Paper on Illegal Immigration Essay

Il licit in-migration has become a colossal issue in the unite States, it is estimated that on that point ar around dozen million ineligible immigrants living in the U. S. today and that number is ontogeny larger every day. This issue has ca holdd multiple social, sparing, safety, and law issues within the argonna. The affirm and federal political sympathies is using billions of dollars on things such as school, welfare, and health check and receiving minimal or no bullion in return evidently because they are giving out the m aney to bootleg immigrants who do non pay taxes to avail fund things.Even though il level-headed immigrants help the economy, withstand low paying(a) stage businesss, and improve the over tout ensemble take care of America, the U. S. essential not allow all persons who venture this figurery contrabandly to stupefy in this commonwealth because, the culpable immigrants create social, economic, safety, and law issues for the country. T he join States has a long history of in-migration from different countries. People first started immigrating to the U. S. in slightly the year 1815. Between the year 1815 and 1915 it is estimated that thirty million Europeans arrived into the United States (Willis par. 1).Once community started immigrating to this country is when the problems started to begin regarding illegal immigration. People of the clip takeed to get into, and be a part of this country they however did not want to do it the correct way. Charles Willis state of matterd, During the large wave of immigration the U. S. limited the number of batch allowed to enter the U. S. , and a certain hail from each country. However the door was left open for Mexicans, who even whence were desired by employers for their cheap labor.As history would show, this legal immigration led to illegal immigration (par. ). This is when illegal immigration is believed to have begun. Further more(prenominal), thither are more f acts in history about illegal immigration taking place. For example, a L. A. Times story from April 1926 noted that many of the bedspread workers in Californias Imperial Valley entered the U. S. illicitly without paying the fee or passing the literacy test (Gheen par. 6). Because of all the immigration, both legal and illegal, the political relation needed to do something to be able to control what was going on, t here(predicate)fore between 1882 and 1917 the U. S. presidency introduced laws regulating immigration.Immigration legal and illegal did not just occur in history, entirely is a up-to-the-minute event in the United States today. Illegal immigration has become a larger problem in modern times than it ever was in the history of this country. It is estimated that there are twelve million summarize illegal immigrants residing in the United States (Miller 11). It is also estimated that 1 to 1. 5 million immigrants enter the U. S. each year, and of that million 850,000 pe ople are believed to be illegal (Miller 12). all(a) the people entering the country illegally can cause an copiousness of problems.There are yet a certain number of immigrants allowed into the country each year. All the people coming to the country illegally count as part of that number. The illegal immigrants that come to this country take up spots for immigrants that want to come here the legal way. That is not the only problem they cause either. Illegal immigrants use up brass exp devastationitures. check to William Gheen, unregistered workers do not generally pay income taxes but do use schools and government run, they are perk upn as a run off on government spending (par. 8).Illegal immigrants also take up jobs that legal citizens of this country may desperately need that job. This country has been going by means of times where it has been hard for people to find jobs, if illegal immigrants had not interpreted some of these jobs it would have been easier for the citize ns of this country to find a job. Illegal immigration is still a problem in modern times. Even though there are many bad aspects to illegal immigration there are also some positive places of it. Although illegal immigration has invalidating aspects, it also has some positive aspects as well. For example, illegal immigrants help the economy.The money that illegal immigrants spend on goods and services in their local communities and more or less the state, reverberates throughout the whole economy, creates more jobs, more spending and more revenue, the economic benefit far outweighs any cost on the fiscal side (Gheen par. 12). A 2007 study on immigrants in Arkansas pasture that the total economic impact of Arkansas one speed of light thousand, fifty one percent undocumented, on the state economy is nearly three billion dollars (Willis par. 5). Texas comptroller study found that the one million four hundred thousand undocumented immigrants living in Texas in 2005 contributed 17. billion dollars to the state economy (Willis par. 5). Illegal immigrants also take low paying jobs. almost Americans do not like to wash dishes, bust tables, and mop floors, but those are jobs that need to be done. Employers always have trouble pur dress regular employees to do that kind of work, which is also usually low paying. Americans are not willing to work them whereas the illegal immigrants are. When businesses have trouble plectrum positions of low skill jobs they only have twain choices, raise the affiance rate high enough to fill jobs or eliminate positions (Gheen par. 4). Businesses must then raise the prices of their items to make up the difference. Higher prices that the customers of those businesses will end up paying for.Illegal immigration also improves the overall image of America. No separate country in the world has the diversity of races, religions, and cultures as America does. America adopts together all sorts of different people around the world. Diver sity in a country brings less prejudice against people and helps to introduce new ideas, perspectives, music, food, entertainment, strengths and skills.Other countries do not have a good image of Americans, allowing them to see all the good things this country has to passing helps Americas overall image (Willis par. 7). There are multiple positive aspects to illegal immigration. Even though there are some positive things about illegal immigration there are still lots of ban aspects as well. Illegal immigration brings lots of problems to this country. Firstly, illegal immigration allows more opportunities for terrorists, drug deals, and criminals to enter the country. When people come into the country illegally law cannot monitor what is being brought into our country.They cannot do a background check to see if any persons who come have criminal records or could pose a potential threat to the country. Illegal immigration is linked to drug smuggling, murder, and other crimes which threaten the safety of Americans. Jim Kouri said, In the population study of 55,322 illegal aliens, researchers found that all together they were arrested at least 459,614 times, averaging eight arrests per illegal alien. approximately all had more than one arrest. Thirty eight percent, about 20 one thousand had between two and five arrests.Thirty two percent, about eighteen thousand, had between sixsome and ten arrests, and twenty six percent, about fifteen thousand, had eleven or more arrests (par. 11). Illegal immigrants institutionalise multitudes of crimes which make the city or the area they are living in unsafe for the citizens in that city. Secondly, Illegal immigrants consume high amounts of government resources. close to illegal aliens occupy low income employment and are more touch on by downturns of the economy, which in turn puts them into welfare services which the government pays for.Undocumented workers do not usually pay income taxes but use government service s, these people are seen as a drain in government spending. The government spends one hundred and thirteen billion dollars on outlays for services and benefits for illegal aliens and their families (Morrow 137). Education for children of illegal aliens represents the single largest expenditure at an yearbook cost of fifty two billion dollars, which is nearly all payed for by the state and local government (Morrow 138).Illegal immigrants also take up low income easy jobs for less skilled Americans. U. S. itizens receive less job opportunities because they have to compete with illegal aliens. The U. S. citizens pay back the government resources they use by paying taxes, whereas the illegal aliens do not refund the government there money. That is another reason the government should not allow any illegal immigrant to stay in this country. The last reason why the government should not allow illegal immigrants to stay in this country is they uphold more illegal aliens to enter the coun try. Once a couple people are here illegally they will often try to bring their family over to the country as well.It has been said that, Immigration has a drawstring effect, in which people move to the U. S. , acquire legal status and subsequent bring in more family members either legally or illegally (Miller 18). People entering the country illegally and being allowed to stay here without any repercussions encourages more people to do the same. Failure to punish illegal activity encourages more illegal activity, emboldens crimes, breeds public cynicism, and discourages others from obeying laws (Miller 19). Illegal activity unpunished threatens American values of law and order. Illegal aliens abuse the generosity and clemency of the American people.Illegal immigration brings nothing but bad things to America. The United States government needs to overcome the problem of illegal immigration. Although there are some good aspects to it such as the illegal aliens will take unwanted low paying jobs that Americans will not work, and how diversity and acceptation of different types of people improve the overall image of America the negatives but outweigh the positives. For example the illegal aliens can bring whatever they want into the country without anyone knowing what they brought or their background which can potentially pose a threat to American Citizens.Illegal immigrants are a drain of government money because they typically do not pay taxes which pays for all the services they use. They take away job opportunities for Americans to have, and by coming into the country it encourages other people to try to sneak into the country illegally. In order to item illegal immigration from continuing, the government needs to put more people onto border control so they can monitor and stop more illegal aliens from entering our country.

Mission Impossible 4 Movie Review

Agents Gone Rogue ( flush insurmountable Ghost Protocol) REVIEW By Joe Bricely The newly released movie Mission impractical- Ghost Protocol was produced by tom turkey canvas and the following companies Paramount Pictures, Skydance Productions, Bad Robot, FilmWorks, Stillking Films, and TC Productions. It was directed by Brad Bird who is most comm completely known for his reference in the movies Up (2009), Ratatouille (2007), and The Incredibles (2004) as well as the long running video serial The Simpsons (1989-Present).Those were all animated, unlike Mission Impossible. Overall it was equal to(p) to non only captivate me the entire time but as well as was able to demonstrate the beautiful locations that the movie was shot in, such as Dubais downtown, Mumbai (Fun fact the shots supposedly placed in Mumbai were actually shot in Bangalore), Bangalore (These picture shows were actually shot in Canada) , and Moscow. (Really). The plot to the new Mission Impossible is basic yet still intriguing.though it is the classic story of a hero and his team setting proscribed to stop the ultimate dying of the world it created a clever background story of how Ethan Hunts (Tom journey) and fellow teammate William Brants (Jeremy Renner) past are intertwined. The only flaw I could find is that they never really established a thorough background to the evil mastermind Kurt Hendricks (Michael Nyqvist). With the top billed cheat the performances were quite convincing. Specifically the roles of Ethan Hunt (Tom Cruise) and Jane Carter (Paula Patton) were captivating.Tom Cruise served his repetitive role as Ethan Hunt the super pick show up to a tee by non only his phenomenal stunts, but also in his spy like swagger. Paula Patton, in the role of the only female on the origin IMF team, not only played the role of her the spy well, but also had to go undercover in the movie as an international assassinator and was mesmerizing seducing an Indian tycoon into giving her what she wanted. Overall the performances in Mission Impossible were top notch. As stated previously, Mission Impossible was an uplift shakiness ride which utilized its budget of $145 million effectively. in that location were some new gadgets including high powered suction gloves which Tom Cruise used to scale the tallest building in the world, the Burj Khalifa and a metal instance which allowed Jeremy Renner to levitate over a high powered fan utilize magnetism. In the movie several effective costumes were utilized including Tom Cruise dressing as a Russian general to infiltrate the Kremlin. abruptly after his exit, the Kremlin exploded leaving a large crater in the building, an example of the brilliant special effects incorporated into the movie.Other than that bulky explosion, some other special effects were impressive included the incoming of a nuclear missile (and its ultimate deactivation) that lead into it crashing through a LA skyscraper then dramatically plunging in to the water. In the new Mission Impossible the key to the humor in the movie is the role of Benji Dunn played by the notoriously funny Simon Pegg (who will forever be known for his thoroughgoing(a) in the 2004 classic comedy Shawn of the Dead. His comedic antics started off in his first scene when he argued with Tom Cruises Ethan Hunt through a security camera feed while breaking the spy out of Russian prison. He continued with his humorous attitude throughout the movie. peculiarly funny was his untimely entrance into the hotel room in Dubai, gloating how he was able to change a few door numbers in time yet not knowing that just seconds before, the rest of his team had struggled for their lives, dangling out a window over 100 stories up.Though I have been a fan of the Mission Impossible series since I was 6, I have to say that Ghost Protocol was my favorite. It not only satisfied my thirst for some top notch battle and action scenes, but also met my needs for a strong comedic pr esence, some(prenominal) worked beautifully together. I recommend this movie to any other IMF fans out there, but also to anyone seeking a well written, action packed, thrill ride of a movie.

Natural Phenomena

Veronika Gyurjyan Professor Bachman English 28 4 February 2010 immanent Phenomena Henry David Thoreau was against of survival. Rather than purposefully living, the volume of peoples go throughs argon little more than a series of reactions to everything. Most people pull round today, envisageing that they will live their actual living tomorrow. He was qualifying to discover the aliveness around him, bringing his life into the harmonious lot with all the movements around him.In 1845, July 4, he decided to move and tolerate at Walden Pond, which is located in Concord, Massachusetts about 18 miles northwesterly of Boston. sustainment in Walden for dickens years, Henry David Thoreau wrote the book Walden or life sentence in the Woods, summarizing his experience, his living in Walden, far away from society. Live life rather than let life live you. Certain individuals might think that we are living life just because we are alive. To Henry David Thoreau (philosopher and semina l artist), living life was living a natural life that the majority of people are non living.Natural life means reawaking and expanding the gays awareness, observing and discovering something that exists in science, which is more than unusual and difficult to understand. Discovering and reawaking something unfathomed is similar to giving a life to something that already exists, adding more visual modality and creativeness. Walden by Henry David Thoreau is an American classic. The book is part personal contract bridge of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery. Was Henry a hermit?I think he choose to isolate himself from society to gain more objectiveness about life. The whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, much(prenominal) as existing above or beyond humane friendship or understanding, a central theme of the American Romantic period. In his first and largest chapter, Economy, he outlines his project, A two-year and two-months stay at the cozy tightly shingled cottage in the woods near Walden Pond. I think that separation from the civilization gives a chance to reanalyze the entire life.Living in Walden was productive for Thoreau. In the chapter Where I lived and what I lived for chapter he describes how he was writing every day. And that time in Walden was his close to productive as a writer. Another important purpose of his separation from society was realizing an sizeableness and beneficial effect of solitude. I never found the companion that was as companionable as solitude. (Thoreau 177). Walden emphasizes the importance of solitude and closeness to nature. Walden is not an environmental book.It is about one mans attempt to find the principles by which the life is a proper life. Every morning was a satisfactory invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with temperament herself (Thoreau 132). Henry Thoreau was enjoying every given morning, accepting is as a induct from nature. That was his chance to be closer to innocence. I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not guide what it had to teach, and not when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live thick and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swatch and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its last terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and original meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world.. (Thoreau 135). Thoreau wanted to get the most from his life by determining what was really important, and he did that by removing himself more or less from the normal life of Concord, MA in the 1840s. One side of this was economi cal he reduced his material needs by living simply, so that he would not have to spend much time musical accompaniment a lifestyle that he did not need or handle about. The other side was spiritual, not unlike the spiritual retreats of eastern and westerly religions.He liked it so much that he lived in his confine for more than two years, and came back with a great story. He worked on this story for several years after leaving the pond, until it became Walden as we realise it today. By writing a Walden, Henry Thoreau gave a life to those two years and two months he spent in the woods. He sacred his life to the exploration of nature, not as a backdrop of human activity, but as living. He was divinely conscious of the enthusiasm of Nature, the sense of the rhythms and the harmony of her solitude.In Nature Henry found an analogy to the Transcendentalism. He did not study the Nature otherwise it could make him dogmatic. He love Nature. WHO nearer Natures life would truly come mu st nearest come to him of whom I speak He all kinds knew,the forthright and the dumb Masterful in genius was he, and unique, Patient, sagacious, tender, frolicsome.This Concord Pan would often his whistle take, And forth from wood and fen, field, hill, and lake, Trooping around him in their several guise, The diffident inhabitants their haunts forsake Then he, like ? op, man would satirize, Hold up the orbit wild to clearest view Of undiscerning manhoods puzzled eyes, And annoying say, Lo mirrors here for you Be true as these, if ye would be more wise. plant Cited Book Henry, Thoreau. Walden. Penguin Classics, 1985. Web Site Amos Bronson Alcott. American Transcendentalism Web. 21 January. 2010

Characteristics of a Good Friend Essay

The characteristics of a untroubled champ to me is h whizsty , dependability and loyalty. I am going to recall details on specific ways of being a good relay link that public assistance me. I plan to describe my opinions toward block style writing to give you further understanding approximately my be cunningfs as a good friend. staple fibre thoughts about being dependable , loyal , and accepted.A good friend is mortal who is truthful to me , a person who never lies to me , about any amour , whether it be good or bad. A good friend is someone whos there for you when you going through problems. This is someone who will arrive at your sticker through good or bad times. This person will be there when you motif a patroning hand. A good friend never back stab a true friend. This is someone who does non sugarcoat the message that he or she is delivering to me. This person is well brought up in a church and stable environment. As being a true friend he or she can be approxi mately my husband and never have to worry about them flirting or making a move towards him , or backstabbing. Someone who , when I make a question, I pack information about something, he or she gives me the real deal.Dependability is a major factor in my characteristics of a good friend. Why is it? Because this person is always there when I need them. I can feel comfortable knowing that when I need this person he or she will try their best to begin through for me. besides, he or she is a team player, meaning that one knows when you are in the clutch and can call on them to help you. Then if they cannot help you at that particular time , they will not lie to you or mislead you in the wrong direction. Finally, this person has senior status track record with you. This particular person has been friends with you for a long time. This is someone you have confidence in.Loyalty fits perfectly with my characteristics of a good friend. notification the truth by far , is one of the most honorable things that I look for in a friend. Being loyal is not about bowing down , just now it is a respect that they and I allot and understand. Loyalty is like having someone that you feel as though you can express your true feelings with. This type of person you can share secrets with. A friend is someone who loves you , not sexually , but in a friendly way. This individual has never broken the code. This special friend you have known for a very long time. Being loyal to me starts indoors yourself. A good friend who is loyal will never lie , or deceive you. Not to say that tis person is perfect , but they know the dos and donts in the relationship.Being trustworthy lets me know who is for me and who is not for me. Being dependable , when I need this person he or she lets me know that I can trust this person. Also this person is loyal and you never has to worry about. It is a good thing to have someone who meets your expectations. Furthermore , when you sow good seeds , you shall reap good friends as well. This means that a friendship is beautiful , is honest , it is impeccable. A friendship sort of like having Jesus Christ in your life. He is my best friend.

Bartolome de las Casas’s Destruction of the Indies Essay

Bartolom de las Casas was a Spanish historian and a loving reformer who was writing in the 16th century, during the time of the Spanish ancestry of the Indies. In A Short draw of the Destruction of the Indies, Casas provides a critical commentary on the cruelty exercised by the Spanish colonizers on the natives of Hispaniolaas well as explain the aims that motivated this behavior. The account acts as non only an observation on the practices of the colonizers, but is in like manner a reflection factor of the imperial policies of the Spanish Empire. Through writing A Short depict of the Destruction of the Indies, Casas aims at bringing the Spanish baksheeshs tending to the atrocities committed by the citizens of the empire on the natives. In keeping with that aim, he utilizes a rhetoric that seeks to arouse the sympathy of his readers towards the natives and a sense of plague over how they are being treated. Right from the beginning of the account, in the preface, he paints an image of the natives as being simple, and harmless. He describes them as, the simplest plurality in the realismthey are with unwrap malice or guiltnever quarrel near or belligerent or boisterous, they harbour no grudgesindeed the notions of revenge, rancour and iniquity are quite foreign to them.In contrast to that, he describes the Spaniards as ravening wolves who fell upon the natives like tigers or savage lions who had not eaten nucleus for days . Casas sets up a comparison between the helplessness of the natives and the ferociousness of the Spaniards, and this comparison holds by means ofout the document. Examples of this comparison are in the frequent accounts he gives of the before and after native population levels once the Spanish repose an areawhen the Spanish offset printing journeyed here, the indigenous population of the island of Hispaniola stood at some three million right away only two hundred run short or not a living soul remains today on any of the is lands of the Bahamas. Casas uses concrete numbers in describing the decline in the population level, in the number deathshe does this as a performer of stressing the official nature of the document, to lend it a sense authority. These numbers in any case help in giving his readers a very clear judgement of the terrifying extent of the Spanish cruelty. He enumerates the different ways through which the locals are being ex terminal figureinated, which gives a fair idea of the general colonial practices in the Indies through forcible expatriation, unjusttyrannical war, running(a) the natives to thepoint of deathCasas gives an example of a man who worked the natives on a lower floor him so hard that at heart a month, out of three hundred, only 30 survived.More importantly, Casas reveals the motives arsehole the widespread cruelty as being simple, secular greed. He explains that the greed for the sumptuous that the natives have is the driving force behind the actions of the Sp anish. The one instance that effectively reflects this fanatical greed is of the local entitle who makes an offering of nine thousand castilians to the Spanish and is still seized and tortured for to a greater extent goldtying him in a sitting position to a stake set in the ground, lit a fire on a lower floor his outstretched feet to induce him to hand over yet more goldwhen he produced no further gold, they carried on until all the marrow ran out through the soles of his feet. What is worth noting is that Casas when first talking about this greed, refers to the Spanish as Christiansthe reason the Christians have murdered on such a broad scale and killed anyone and everyone in their way is plainly and simply greed. Casas obviously uses the term Christian ironically to draw attention to the un-Christian behavior that the Spanish are displaying in the colonies. Casas was the Bishop of Chiapas.He was a clerical man, and so his primary associate was the un-Christian activities that were taking place in the colonies. He exclaims that the colonizers have little bring up over their natives souls as for their bodies, all the millions that have perished, having gone to their deaths with no companionship of God. This clearly defines exactly what A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies as a text isit is not a text that is arguing for allude rights, it is instead a text that shows the priorities and concerns of a man living under the Spanish Empire at the time. Casas views the natives not as people match to the Spaniards, but as potential Christians. He describes them as being, innocent and pure in mind and have a lively intelligence, all of which makes them curiously receptive to learning and understanding the truths of our Catholic faith and to being instructed in virtue. Casas is outraged because the Spanish policy of conversion and saving of souls as first priority was not being followed. Instead, it was being used as an explicateThe gulf that yawn s between theory and practice has meant that, in fact, the local people have been presented with an ultimatum either they adopt the Christian religion and swear devotion to the Crown of Castile, or they will find themselves faced withmilitary action.He describes how the Spanish would unnecessarily pillage an area, but would essentially be within their legal rights as they would make sure that they presented the natives with the royal ultimatum. Casas account is a good reflection of the general imperial policy of expansion of the Spanish Empire. The Spanish Empire used religion as a animate being to further its aimsthe Spanish Inquisition, for example, was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella as a way of increasing their political authority via religion and to surmount any tension that may arise from social and cultural differences. era the activities of the colonizers wasnt the same as the inquisition, as Casas points out, the Spanish in the colonies w ere victimisation religion in a similar way.Therefore, CasasA Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies gives important insight into the practices of the Spanish Empire. It also presents an interesting persuasion from someone who is a part and within the empirewho is aware and recognizes the malpractices of the Crown and more importantly, is attempting to do something to put a stop to it. Its also important that the way he goes about this, is through literatureit shows us the importance of the written word in the process of trying to locomote a change. Though Casas sentiment in the account might not be a common one at the time, it does signal a rising awareness of the moral blindness displayed in the activities of the empires/colonies.Works CitedBartolom de las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, trans. Nigel Griffin (London Penguin Classics, 2004), 9-37. Bartolom de las Casas, Bartolom de las Casas, in Norton Anthology of American Literature, ed. Nina B ayme and Robert S. Levine. (New York WW Norton & Co, 2012), 38.

Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies

The two novels, Animal evoke by George Orwell and Lord of the Flies by William Golding were twain written everyplace 50 years ago, meaning there is much to be verbalize about both. All you have to do is type in the call off of each of the novels into Google and out pops tonnes of information about each. If someone were to research comme il faut of the two books they would be able to imagine that they atomic number 18 quite correspondent in plot and themes. Both books take a look at a newly built hostel which is slowly destroyed by the characters or people within them.The concept of one having business office all over the substitute is what rapes the societies and ends in death and adversity for all former(a)s within the smart set. The authors both use their characters in the novels to portray what social club might be deal in that type of situation and use their actions to demonstrate how it can diminish apart if the correct steps are not taken to keep up a functio ning society. on that pointfore, both authors show how force can stretch a society and create great hardship for the people command through its stimulating characters and their fraught actions.The principal(prenominal) characters in both of the books are the ones who ultimately cause the societies to crumble. In Animal Farm George Orwell uses pigs to satire the tierceing of Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky and how they manipulated their people into conceptualiseing what they are doing is right (NovelGuide). The pigs led a diversity on the farm owner to take the farm and leave it in the hands of all of the fleshlys, instead of man. They stated that the farm would be ramble by the tools with no rules other then that to never act comparable a human (Orwell).Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all athe likes of. No question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures impertinent looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man a crap but already it was impossible to say which was which (Orwell 88). At the start of the mutation, there was no take place leader of the animals and they did as they pleased, however the much smarter pigs started changing some of the rules that were raiment forth to make sure none of the animals would behave the way the reality had.The much smarter pigs took advantage of all of the other animals and started changing rules, giving them progressively much military group over the group. In the end, the power hungry pigs end up becoming exactly what they set out to destroy, humans. The result of this decadence of power finish with a couple animals last and others working dark and day endless(prenominal)ly. In the novel Lord of the Flies author William Golding uses children upholdless on a deserted island to represent a newly organise society.Two boys choose to take different approaches to surviving on the island and running the rest of the group, so they split up i nto their own little societies. tinkers damn, one of the leaders chooses a more violent role of surviving he disagrees with the methods of Ralph (the other leader) and takes command of most of the boys (Golding). damn began his adventure on the island as a normal boy just like any of the others, however afterwards he was elected into power by all of his friends, it quickly got to his head. I agree with Ralph. Weve got to have rules and obey them.After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are ruff at everything. So weve got to do the right things (Golding 42). The power which is corrupting Jack causes him to do many things no person would think of doing while assay to survive (Bookrags). In the end, Jacks power ended in the deaths of two boys and the utter destruction of an island. All in all, power was what lead the main characters in each of the novels to corrupt a society they had longed to be apart of, leading to deaths of others and the hardship of the rest. Both the pigs and Jack utilise manipulation and their power to see the others in their various(prenominal) societies. Within Animal Farm the pigs used their smarts to out wit and manipulate the others into giving them power over the rest. When the revolution first happened, the animals established The Seven Commandments which consisted of rules preventing any animal from acting like a human (Golding). Over time the farm animals grew suspicious of the pigs actions and reverted foul to The Seven Commandments, which was no use since the pigs were the only ones that could read, and they changed the rules in their favour.It says, No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets, she announced finally. Curiously enough, clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so (Orwell 42). Over time the pigs became more and more like the humans, and with no questions asked as well since none of the animals soundless what t he pigs were up too. The pigs used the saying Four legs good, two legs bad to explain most of their actions to the less intelligent animals (NeoEnglishSystem). The pigs rise to power andthe corruption of the animal farm was aided by the smarts the pigs possessed over the other less clever animals. In Lord of the Flies, main character Jack uses impression and other un-ethical tactics to recruit other children into joining his group. rough of these tactics include threatening and bribing the others in order for him to cook power over the majority of the kids on the island (Bookrags). Jacks methods of gaining the majority of the boys on the island results in him having complete power of what goes on, on the island.Kill the beast knock down his throat Spill his blood (Golding 168). Jack orders an attack on the so called lusus naturae that is living on the island with them. Without second guessing him, his tribe attacks the monster which turns out to be one of the boys. All in all , the corruption of the others in the society by the leaders using manipulation and other methods to gain power is what leads to the ultimate demolition of the two novels societies.Due to their mad hunt for power and the means they went through to achieve it, the pigs and Jack had a bunch of repercussions for their actions against their respective societies. The pigs used their brains as a way to gain power and control of their group of animals, however by doing this it resulted in the deaths of a couple of the animals as well as the expulsion of one of the other pigs (Orwell). About one-half the animals on the farm rushed out to the knoll where the windmill stood. There lay Boxer, between the shafts of the cart, his neck stretched out, unable to even raise his head.His look were glazed, his sides matted with sweat. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his spill the beans (Orwell 74). Even though the pigs are the ones that organized the revolution on the humans, they ended u p becoming what they had feared. They over worked the other farm animals and made them think it was all for a better cause (NeoEnglishSystem). Lord of the Flies main character Jack also had major repercussions for his actions. Jack did not cat him self in the leadership role, he was chosen by Ralph to help him run the group of boys.Things quickly got out of hand for Jack and he soon wanted to lead all of the boys by himself instead of with Ralph. Jacks actions to get into power are what corrupted the small society of boys and those actions came with the repercussions of death for two of the boys and the near death experience for another. If anyone peered under the bushes and chanced to coup doeil human flesh it might be sameric who would pretend not to see and say nothing. He laid his cheek against the chocolate coloured earth, thrash his dry lips and closed his eyes.Under the thicket, the earth was vibrating very slightly or perchance there was a sound beneath the obvious thund er of the complete and scribbled ululations that was too low to hear (Golding 220). Jack told his tribe that they needed to overcome Ralph and the only way to find him was to burn the jungle down. Ralph ran for his life aside from the blood thirsty tribe of children and the fire (Cliffnotes). Jacks actions to gain power have dire repercussions for the two boys who ended up dying and Ralph who was chased and nearly killed if he had not ran into a Naval Officer.All in all, the actions of the main characters who attempted to gain power over the others in the society were what eventually lead to the corruption of both societies. In conclusion, both William Golding and George Orwell do an amazing job of demonstrating how power can corrupt a society by using their characters in their novels. Both of the novels give the reader an perceptive look at how society might be if the leaders of our countries grew corrupt with the power that they held over the rest of society.

Scarlet Letter Chapter 20-24 Questions and Answers

Chapter 20 The Minister in a Maze1. Where have Hester and Dimmesdale headstrong to go when they take Boston ? wherefore do they choose to go to atomic number 63 rather than remain in the New World. He and Hester have resolved to go to Europe, since it offers more anonymity and a better environment for Dimmesdales fragile health.2. Why does Dimmesdale consider it fortunate that the ravish is not to span for 4 days?He wants to give his last final and most(prenominal) emotionally powerful sermon on option Day.3. Dimmesdale considers the timing of the institutionalizes outlet to be most fortunate Why? He was to p ara the Election Sermon and he could not have chanced upon a more satisfactory mode and time of terminating his professional career.4. How was Dimmesdales trip return from the forest contrasting that his departing trip through the forest?He has much more expertness than when he left only two days earlier, and everything looks different to him. collar times in a row he is approached by motley mint, and he struggles not to utter blasphemy. He is even tempted to teach miry words to a group of small Puritan children.5.Dimmesdale suddenly perceives that everything in the town is now different as he returns to it. What has happened?He has a new perception of life story and feels ilk a new worldly concern after his meeting with Hester.6. Dimmesdale, as he walks through town to reach his dwelling, is suddenly struck by urges to do terrible things. What were the four instances in which he was tempted to do evil?He encounters an elderly woman to whom he skillfully blurts out a devastating unanswerable argument against the immortality of the humane soul, exclusively several(prenominal)thing stops him, and the widow totters away satisfied. He next ignores a young woman whom he has recently converted to the church because he fears that his strange state of mind lead lead him to plant some corrupting germ in her innocent heart. Passing one of the sailors from the ship on which he plans to escape, Dimmesdale has the impulse to engage with him in a fine-tune of oaths. This comes only shortly after an encounter with a group of children, whom the attend nearly teaches some wicked words. 7. What is Dimmesdales voyage through the town like in this chapter?Hes full of temptation to corrupt everyone he passes by in town.8. Why did Dimmesdale and Hester decide to leave for England instead of any place else?They had decided that Europe, with its crowds and cities, offered them a better home and hiding place than anywhere in America, with its choice between an Indian dwelling and a few settlements on the coast. Also, with the ministers gifts, refinement, and his education meant he needed to live in a civilized place, the more civilized, the better.9. What did Mistress Hibbins accuse Dimmesdale of?What was Dimmesdales response? She accuse him of making a visit to the forest. He denies it. 10. Why did Hester and Dimmesdale decide to leave for England instead of somewhere else?SAME AS QUESTION 8 Chapter 21 & Chapter 22 The New England Holiday & The Procession1. What have the crowds of people self-possessed in the market-place to witness?The people are celebrating Election Day and collected to witness the inauguration of the Governor.2. What piece of unwanted intelligence information does the master of the ship on which, she, osseous tissue , and Dimmesdale are to sail have for Hester?The piece of unwelcome news, the master of the ship on which drop curtain and Dimmesdale are to sail tells Hester is that Chillingworth will be joining them on their passage because the ship needs a doctor and Chillingworth has told the captain that he is a member of Hesters party.3. Where does Hester turn out during the hike and during Dimmesdales sermon in the church?Hester takes Pearl and goes to stand near the foot of the hold up in order to listen to Dimmesdales speech.4. Dimmesdale must regulate a swamp to return to the scaffold. What happens in the swamp?He go inside and almost drowns.6. Why does Pearl regularise that Dimmesdale is a strange, disturbing man? Because of the demeanor he possesses and his profile.7. What is the New England holiday?Holiday storied with a procession involving the Governor and other very good people and soldiers.8. What did Pearl want from Dimmesdale that Hester would not permit?Pearl questions Dimmesdales love for Hester and her by conveying if he loves them enough to walk back to town with them strive in hand.9. Hesters spirit sank with the idea that all must have been a delusion. Whats misfortune at this point? Chillingworth has ruined her plans with Dimmesdale that she had so been looking ship to. It was obvious that he was aware of their plans and decided to travel with them and follow.10. What news does the shipmaster ask Pearl to tell Hester? Same answer as number 2.11. What did Pearl want from Dimmesdale that Hester would not permit? SAME AS QUEST ION 812. Hesters spirit sank with the idea that all must have been a delusion.Whats happening at this point?SAME AS QUESTION 9 13. What news does the shipmaster ask Pearl to tell Hester?SAME AS QUESTION 10 and 2 Chapter 23 The Revelation of the Scarlet Letter1. Who empowered Dimmesdale to stand on the scaffold? Hester and Perl carry Dimmsdale to go up on the scaffold and he leans heavily upon their shoulders.2. Describe the most significant thing Dimmesdale does in this chapter. He stands on the scaffold with Hester and his daughter, showing everyone his badge of sin .3.What did Pearl do when standing next to her father on the scaffold? Why? Pearl kisses his lips, his confession has created sympathy in her heart, not just for him, but for her mother, as well.4. Describe what happens to Pearl during this final scaffold moment. As her disunite fell upon her fathers cheek, they were the pledge that she would change from the cold and distant child that she was, transforming the ail ch ild she once was.5. What does Chillingworth do in response to Dimmesdales actions at the scaffold? Why?He tries to talk him out of confessing because once Dimmesdale escapes him, he will have nothing to live forward to.Chapter 24 Conclusion1. What does Hawthorne say about what happened at the scaffold at the beginning of this chapter? That there are many versions, according to people, about what happened during Dimmesdales confession. Some say his sin was eating him from his heart until it appeared on his chest. Some blame it on Rogers drugs. Others pick out it was as bright as the one on Hester Prynnes chest. While other claim that there was nothing there, and that his death in a sinful womans fortification was just an act of human righteousness.2. What important lesson has Dimmesdale taught the people of the town? acknowledge a quote that supports this. His death was a parable to teach people that we are all sinners in the eyes of God. After exhausting life in his efforts for mankinds spiritual good, he had made the way of life of his death a parable, in order to impress on his admirers the correctly and mournful lesson, that, in the view of Infinite Purity, we are sinners all alike(predicate) nd especially a clergymanswill sometimes uphold his character when proofs, clear as the mid-day sunshine on the violent letter, establish him a false and sin-stained creature of the dust(pg. 231). 3. Who did Chillingworth leave his property to? He left everything to Pearl.4. What do people think the scarlet letter stood for Dimmesdales breast?5. What details do we know about Chillingworth after denotation this chapter? That he dies a year after Dimmesdale and leaves all his fortune in Pearls hands.

Helmut Newton

north HELMUT because of the threat of the Nazis. This turned discover to be a introduce to the world because it eventually gave him the freedom to pursue his now legendary career in photography. HELMUT NEWTON was born in Germany and later forced out of the country We see a lot of sexy photos of women in todays magazines, around of them designed only to titillate and excite men, having no artistic inwardness that goes beyond I am sexy. In the fashion photography world, however, there is one man that has used the female form to deliberate into human nature even though it is viewed by many as pornographic and inappropriate.Helmut northward, for decades, pushed the envelope in fashion photography. HELMUT NEWTON Born on October 31, 1920 in Berlin, Helmut Newton grew up in a privileged family. collectable to his passion for photography, he stopped going to school and pursued an apprenticeship with Elsie Simon, a top photographer. He only had this job for a while because he had to l eave Germany due to Adolf Hitlers violent treatment of. He went to Singapore and got a job there but it did not last long though. He travel around Singapore for a while until he moved to Australia in 1940.There, he sett lead and built a new heartspan with his wife, June Brunell. He continued following his passion for photography, eventually getting his play to appear in top fashion magazines around the world. Helmut Newton, 1978 HELMUT NEWTON His calling as a Photographer From his small photo studio that he built in Melbourne, he eventually got the creative momentum that led him to get his photos published in French Vogue in 1961. From there, his denote became synonymous to the magazines look and feel, leading to more work for other magazines such as Nova, Queen, Marie-Claire, Elle, Playboy and different editions of Vogue.His provocative photos of women earned him the titles Prince of Porn and ability of Kink. This image of his kind of photography was cemented with the releas e of his book called etiolate Women, an erotic publication that defines his style and artistic vision. Ornella Muti by Helmut Newton,1986 HELMUT NEWTON Purveyor of virile Women Helmut Newton images depicting women in mens clothing and depicting them as powerful figures, breaking all the molds built by society, made heads turned. It as well as led some people to ask for his head to roll.Even with all the controversy, he continued pushing the envelope in photographing women by taking images of unclothed painting bodies in provocative positions. It may have been met by scrutiny and lunacy in the beginning, but it eventually became the industry standard. His unconventional images of femme fatales made Helmut Newton a legend in fashion photography. Not even his last in 2004 would end his undeniable influence in how photography nates exude power in women. Le Smoking by Helmut Newton,1975 HELMUT NEWTON A LegendHelmut Newton did not just limit his photography to nude women and fashi on. He also shared with the whole world his early life as a survivor of the Nazi invasion in Germany. He took portraits of Nazi personalities and other people relevant to the very difficult clock in world history. Helmut Newton images clearly show the world through the eyes of a nomad who wandered the earth, not giving a care to peoples judgments and brusque views. Willy Van Rooy by Helmut Newton, Vogue 1967 HELMUT NEWTON Helmut Newton 31 October 1920 23 January 2004Newton died on January 23, 2004 due to a car accident in California. It was inform that he lost control of his car because of sudden heart attack. The 83 years old photographer crashed into the wall beyond the Hotel Chateau Marmonts driveway in Hollywood. HELMUT NEWTON Some of his work HELMUT NEWTON Dressed Theyre approach (naked) Paris,1981 HELMUT NEWTON Miami,1978 Bergstrom over Paris,1976 HELMUT NEWTON Celebrities Naomi Campbell The face 1991 Sigourney Weaver Monica Bellucci Blumarine Spring-Summer 1993 (Ad Camp aign) HELMUT NEWTON give thanks You

Family As A Social Institution Essay

1. IntroductionIn a place where nearly group of people who lived in a alike(p) ho habituate and selfsame(prenominal) flour. Family acknowledges single the economise, the married woman, and unmarried babyren who be not of age. The most common sour of this family is regularly referred to in sociology as a nuclear family. A kin(predicate) family consists of a enhance and his or her minorren, and former(a) people. Although the concept of consanguinity primarily referred to transaction by blood, In short we can say where same blood people live together this is cal conduct as FAMILY.1.1 Definition Of FamilyA group of twain people or to a greater extent related by blood, sum, or adoption and residing together (U.S. Census Bureau 2004)1.2 Only boor familiesMany distichs be now choosing to be in possession of children who will never harbour any siblings. Literature suggests that these children are often viewed as being spoilt, selfish, nongregarious and maladjusted, how ever, research does not agree with this prejudicial view. Only children appear to be bright and successful, self-confident, self-reliant, resourceful and popular with other children. A major terra firma for this whitethorn be that only children moderate roughlywhat closer relationships with fosters, who asseverate more pressure for mastery and accomplishmentOnly children often retain more pressure placed upon them by rises to excel in tasks and sustain often high expectations for school and sporting results placed upon them. Only children fell out on the growing and learning and forms of socialization which comes with having siblings. Only children squander the profit of not having to fight for their arouses attention and may encounter the opport building blocky of more hotshot-on-virtuoso actions. The unrivalled-child family has both pros and cons, as does all family lifestyle.1.3 Largest FamiliesChildren of large families obviously experience different conditio ns from those in smaller or one child families. Children in larger families make water the advantage of having relationships with siblings. These relationships and interactions go forth them the chance to have companionship, worked up support and assistance while they are growing up. Children in larger families often experience degrees of rivalry and may need to fight for cites attention. The positive interactions that occur in the midst of siblings contribute to perspective taking, moral maturity, and competence in relating to other children.1.4 ace Parent familiesThe number of one-parent families has bugger off more common in new-made years. there are a number of varieties of one-parent families those resulting from divorce, parents who never-married, as well as a widowed parent. In single parent families the other parent not living with the family may have little or no involvement in the childs life or may be highly involved. We are going to look more well-nigh at singl e divorced parents and never-married single parents.1.5 MarriageA universal definition of marriage is that it is a social contract between 2 individuals that unites their lives legally, economically and emotionally. Being married also gives legitimacy to hinge uponual relations within the marriage. The geographical location and the cultural traditions of the individuals involved in the marriage relationship. The legalities of marriage can be confusing and overwhelming. Before you get married, it is substantial to know the requirements for getting a marriage license such as age, identification, costs for the license, etc. Laws concerning marriage vary from state to state and solid ground to country and convert often.1.6 Types of MarriageIn marriage there are 2 types of marriageMonogamy Monogamy refers to the state of having only one better half at any one time the frontier is employ to the social behavior of some animals and to a form of marriage in which an individual has only one spouse at any one time. In current usage monogamy often refers to having one sexual ruinnerirrespective of marriage or reproduction. Recent discoveries have led biologists to talk about the three varieties of monogamy social monogamy, sexual monogamy, and transmitted monogamy.The distinction between these three is important to the modern understanding of monogamy. hearty monogamy refers to two per word of honors/creatures that live together, have sex with separately other, and second in acquiring basic resources such as food, clothes, and money. Sexual monogamy refers to two persons/creatures that remain sexually exclusive with each other and have no outside sex partners. Genetic monogamy refers to two partners that only have offspring with each other. Polygamy several husbands or wives simultaneously1.7 cooperator SelectionMate choice, or intersexual selection, is an evolutionary process in which selection of a partner depends on attractiveness of its traits. It is one of two components of sexual selection (the other is phallic-male competition or intersexual selection). Darwin offset printing introduced his ideas on sexual selection in 1871 but advances in inheritable and molecular techniques have led to major progress in this bowl recently. Five mechanisms that explain the evolution of mate choice are currently recognized. They are direct phenotypic benefits, sensory bias, Fisher small-arm runaway, indicator traits, and ancestral compatibility. These mechanisms can co-occur and there are many examples of each. In systems where mate choice exists, one sex is competitive with same-sex members and the other sex is choosy (selective when it comes to picking individuals to mate with).In most species, females are the choosy sex that discriminates amongst competitive males but there are several examples of reversed roles. There is an example Charles Darwin send-off expressed his ideas on sexual selection and mate choice in his book The Desc ent of Man, and Selection in apprisal to Sex in 1871. He was perplexed by the elaborate ornament that males of some species have because they appeared to be detrimental to survival and have negative consequences for reproductive success. He proposed two explanations for the existence of such traits these traits are helpful in male-male combat or they are preferred by females.2. twist of Family This kinship terminology commonly occurs in societies based on connubial (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families have a degree of relative mobility. Members of the nuclear use descriptive kinship groundMother a female parentFather a male parentSon a male child of the parent(s)Daughter a female child of the parent(s)Brother a male child of the same parent(s)Sister a female child of the same parent(s)Grandfather father of a father or puzzleGrand dumbfound drive of a mother or fatherCousins two people that share the same grandparent(s)Such systems generally assume that the mothers h usband has also served as the biological father. In some families, a woman may have children with more than one man or a man may have children with more than one woman. The system refers to a child who shares only one parent with another(prenominal) child as a half- chum salmon or half-sister. For children who do not share biological or adoptive parents in common, English-speakers use the term step associate or stepsister to refer to their new relationship with each other when one of their biological parents marries one of the other childs biological parents. Any person (other than the biological parent of a child) who marries the parent of that child becomes the stepparent of the child, either the stepmother or stepfather. The same terms generally do to children adopted into a family as to children born into the family.Grandfather a parents fatherGrandmother a parents motherGrandson a childs sonGrand girlfriend a childs daughterFor collateral relatives, more classificatory terms c ome into play, terms that do not build on the terms used within the nuclear familyUncle fathers brother, mothers brother, fathers sisters husband, mothers sisters husband Aunt fathers sister, mothers sister, fathers brothers wife, mothers brothers wife Nephew sisters son, brothers son, wifes brothers son, wifes sisters son, husbands brothers son, husbands sisters son Niece sisters daughter, brothers daughter, wifes brothers daughter, wifes sisters daughter, husbands brothers daughter, husbands sisters daughter3. gunpoints of Family3.1 head One Single unsalted adults leave home . here the emotional change is from the reliance on the family to assumeance of emotional and fiscal responsibility for ourselves. Second-order changes include differentiation of self in relation to family of origin. This way of life we neither blindly accept what our parents believe or want us to do, nor do we automatically respond negatively to their requests. Our beliefs and behaviors are now part of ou r own identity, though we will change and refine what we believe throughout our lives. Also, during this period we develop intimate peer relationships on a deeper take than we had previously and become financially independent.3.2 Stage Two The new couple joins their families through marriage or living together . The major emotional transition during this phase is through commitment to the new system. Second-order change involves the administration of a marital system and realignment of relationships with extended families and friends that includes our spouses.3.3 Stage Three Families with one-year-old children madly we must now accept new members into the system. This isnt knotty initially because babies come to us in sweet innocent packages that surface our hearts. Unfortunately, in the eye of the night we may wonder what weve gotten ourselves into. Nevertheless, we adjust the marital system to make space for our children, juggling childrearing, financial and household tasks . Second-order change also ocurs with the realignment of relationships with extended family as it opens to include the parenting and grandparenting roles.3.4 Stage Four Families with adolescentsEmotional transitions are hard here for the whole family because we need to increase the tractability of families boundaries to include childrens independence and grandparents frailities. As noted supra, second-order change is needful in order for the shifting of the parent-child relationship to permit adolescents to move in and out of the system. Now there is a new focus on midlife marital and career issues and the beginning shift toward joint caring for the onetime(a) generation when both children and aging parents demand our attention, creating what is now called the sandwich generation.3.5 Stage Five Launching children and moving onThis is one of the transitions that can be most emotionally difficult for parents as they now need to accept a multitude of exits from and entries into the family system. If the choices of the children leaving the nest are compatible with the value and expectations of the parents, the transition can be relatively easy and enjoyable, especially if the parents successfully navigate their second-order changes, such as renegotiation of the marital system as a couple rather than as simply parents. Other studyal changes include development of adult-to-adult relationships between us and our grown children, inclusion of in-laws and grandchildren, and dealing with the disabilities and remainder of our own parents. (See Letting Go of Our Adult Children When What We Do is Never teeming for what can happen when transitions in this stage become particularly bumpy.)3.6 Stage SixFamilies in later life When Erikson discusses this stage, he focuses on how we as individuals either review our lives with acceptance and a sense of accomplishment or with bitterness and regret. A family systems approach, however, is interested in how the family as a unit responds and sees the key emotional principle as accepting the shifting of generational roles. Second-order changes require us to maintain our own interests and functioning as a couple in face of physiological decline. We shift our focus onto the middle generation (the children who are still in stage five) and support them as they launch their own children. In this process the younger generation needs to make room for the wisdom and experience of the elderly, supporting the older generation without over functioning for them. Othersecond-order change includes dealing with the loss of our spouse, siblings, and others peers and the provision for our own death and the end of our generation.4. Role Of FamilyThe family is one of the main acculturation institutions of the society. In the family, the child appropriates the social norms and set and it becomes capable of having relations with the other members of the society. In the family there is established the basic or primary sociali zation. In comparison with the families from the traditional societies family function has begun to be more and more interpreted over by other social institutions (school, cultural institutions, and mass media). in spite of these transfers of social competencies, the family continues to remain one of the main institutions of socialization. The advantage of the socialization in the family is to obtain it in an environment of affectivity, which facilitates the transmission and the appropriation of the social values and norms.4.1 Toward children As soon as the baby is born, the mother and father become attached to their child through touch through holding, carrying and playing with their baby. The public of movement begins and it is the parents who are the first educators of their child. This holds true for visually stricken children too. Parents have a much longer, sustained, and intimate relationship with their child than anybody else. When children are young they are learning to identify and label the world. Blind children are no different. They need to become familiar with the world, too. Familiarization develops orientation. For the sighted child, vision puts them in the action. mass is the sense that allows us to integrate all of the things we learn about the world. Without everyday vision, the child must learn to see and understand the world in new ways. As the childs parents, one needs the opportunity to understand how loss of vision affects their childs early development learn how they, as parents, can most effectively teach their child to see the world. One must realize that every child, whether visually impaired or not, is a learner.Besides this, what every child learns in the first three years of life is learned visually, primarily through imitation, says a research.Parents are the congenital teacher because they know their child better than anyone else does and have a better idea of what he/she is ready to learn. They spend more time with the child . Therefore theyre able to take advantage of the many ordinary events things that happen throughout the day in the convening course of family life that are teaching opportunities. As a parent you give your child toys and common, everyday objects to help him / her learn in natural situations that can be applied to other situations outside the home. Also, as a parent people must keep on providing opportunities to their children to practice what they have learned and a chance to experience the world under their guidance. By starting early, they teach their children good habits that will last a lifetime. And, above all involve their children in family life so friends and relatives learn how to interact with their visually impaired child and he / she learns how to act with others.

Case Study Barings

Summary One of the most infamous tales of financial last is that of Barings Bank. Trader Nick Leeson was supposed to be exploiting wretched-risk arbitrage opportunities that would leverage impairment low rage differences in similar rightfulness derivatives on the capital of Singapore Money commuting (Simex) and the Osaka exchange. In fact, he was taking much riskier positions by purchasing and selling different amounts of the contracts on the two exchanges or buying and selling contracts of different types.Thanks to the lax attitude of senior commission, Leeson was given keep everywhere both the merchandise and back authority functions. As Leesons losings mounted, he increased his bets. However, aft(prenominal) an quake in Japan after caused the Nikkei Index to drop sharply, the losses increased rapidly, with Leesons positions going more than $1 billion into the red. This was too much for the bank to sustain in skirt of 1995, it was purchased by the Dutch b bank ING for just one get sterling.Overview Barings Bank had a pertinacious history of success and was much respect as the UKs oldest d merchant bank. But in February of 1995, this highly regarded bank, with $900 jillion in capital, was bankrupted by $1 billion of unauthorised barter losses. In 1993, Nick Leeson was appointed common tutor of the banks Barings Futures subsidiary appointed in Singapore. In this capacity, he was able to conceal his unauthorised trading activities for over a year because he managed both the trading and back office functions.The senior managers at a Barings came primarily from a merchant banking undercoat and knew very little intimately trading. Even in the face of big(a) profits, which should bear tipped management off to the fact that substantial risks were organism taken, they move to believe that Leeson held matched Leeson positions on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange (Simex) and the Osaka exchange, and hence was making a low-risk pr ofit. low In fact, Leeson was trading derivatives contracts on the two exchanges that were, in some cases, of different types and, in some cases, in mismatched amounts.For example, Leeson rent executed a trading strategy cognize as a straddle, with the objective of making a profit by selling sic and c whole options on the same cardinal financial instrument, in this case, the Nikkei th 225 Index. A straddle will generally put forward positive earnings when markets be stable but can core in large losses if markets are volatile. Leeson created an break bankers bill get alonged 88888 as a holding area for any premiums or losses that he made. Leeson claims that he initially opened the account to conceal a unity loss of e. 0,000 pounds sterling that had resulted from an accounting error until he could make up the difference through trading. However, he continued booking various losses into the account and also continued to increase his rule book of trading and aim of risk takin g. Leeson took unauthorized speculative positions primarily in futures linked to the Nikkei 225 and Nipponese government bonds (JGB) as well as options on the Nikkei. He hid his trading in an unused BSS error account, number 88888. Exactly why Leeson was speculating is un glide by.He claims that he originally used the 88888 account to hide some embarrassing losses resulting from mistakes made by his traders. However, Leeson started actively trading in the 88888 account well-nigh as soon as he arrived in Singapore. The sheer volume of his trading suggests a simple desire to speculate. He lost gold from the start out. Increasing his bets only made him lose more money. By the stopping point of 1992, the 88888 account was under water by about GBP 2 million. A year later, this had mushroomed to GBP 23 million.By the end of 1994, Leesons 88888 account had lost a rack up of GBP 208 million. Barings management remained blithely un alert. On February 23, 1995, Nick Leeson hopped on a s kip to Kuala Lumpur leaving behind a GBP 827 million hole in the Barings labyrinthine sense sheet. As a trader, Leeson had extremely bad luck. By mid February 1995, he had accumulated an enormous positionhalf the open take in the Nikkei future and 85% of the open interest in the JGB future. The market was aware of this and probably traded against him.Prior to 1995, however, he just made consistently bad bets. The fact that he was so unlucky shouldnt be too much of a surprise. If he hadnt been so misfortunate, we probably wouldnt have ever heard of him. Traders some epochs speculate without authorization. Presumably, a few are able to cover their tracks. Others are caught. When they are caught, they are fired, and their employer eats the loss. Usually, neither the trader nor his employer has any interest in publicizing the incident. Leeson made headlines precisely because he was so unlucky.By the time he was discovered, he had bankrupted his employer. Publicity was unavoidable. Wha t is amazing about Leesons activities is the fact that he was able to accumulate such staggering losses without Barings management noticing. As Leeson lost money, he had to pay those losses to SIMEX in the form of circumference. Leeson involve cash. By falsifying accounts and making various misre manifestations, he was able to unspoilt funding from various companies within the Barings organization and from client accounts.His misrepresentations were flimsy at best. For example, he claimed that he needed property to make margin payments on behalf of BSS clients, and he gave a technical argument related to how the SIMEX collected margin as justification. This claim was false. It was actually against SIMEX rules for a broker to post its consume money as margin for a client. Even if the claim were true, the funds would have been needed only temporarilyuntil the client could make payment. Instead, Leeson continued to ask for ever more funding.Leeson increased the size of his open po sitions pull down as his losses increased due to volatility in the markets. When an earthquake in Japan caused a steep drop in the Nikkei 225 equity index , however, Leesons unauthorised trading positions suffered huge losses and his operation unravel take. On touch 3, 1995, the Dutch bank ING purchased Barings for 1 pound sterling, providing the final chapter in the story of the 223-year-old bank that had once helped the United States to finance the Louisiana purchase.The beginning of the end occurred on January 16, 1995, when Leeson situated a short straddle (an options trading strategy) in the Singapore and Tokyo stock exchanges, essentially betting that the Japanese stock market would not move significantly overnight. However, the Kobe earthquake murder early in the morning on January 17, sending Asian markets, and Leesons investments, into a tailspin. Leeson attempted to recoup his losses by making a series of increasingly risky new investments, this time betting that the Nikkei Stock intermediate would make a rapid recovery.But the recovery failed to materialize, and he succeeded only in digging a deeper hole. Realizing the gravity of the situation, Leeson left a note yarn Im Sorry and fled. Losses eventually reached ?827 million ($1. 4 billion at then-prevailing exchange rates), then prevailing twice the banks available trading capital. This led to the banks collapse. After fleeing to Malaysia, B chipei and finally Germany, Leeson was arrested and extradited back to Singapore on March 2, 1995. trance he had authorization for the January 16 short straddle, he was charged with raud for deceiving his superiors about the riskiness of his activities and the scale of his losses, although some observers (and Leeson himself) have place much of the placed blame on the banks own deficient internal auditing and risk management practices. Sentenced to six and a half years in jail in Singapore, he was released from prison in 1999, having been diagnosed with colon cancer, which he has survived despite demented forecasts at the time. While in despite prison, in 1996, Leeson published an autobiography, knave Trader, detailing his acts.There may be a temptation to view this flogging as being caused by just one individual the knave trader but in reality the fiasco should be attributed to the underlying structure of the firm, and particularly to the lack of internal checks and balances. Events 1993 Nick Leeson becomes general manager of Barings Futures (Singapore), running the banks Simex (Singapore International Monetary Exchange) activities. January 1994 By this date (at the latest), Leeson started selling put and call options on the Nikkei 225 equity index, placing the premiums earned into an error account number 88888.This strategy, known as a straddle, is essentially a bet on the stability of market prices. 24 February 1994 A memorandum from the Barings asset and financial obligation committee values the 4 options portfolio at 2 . 8 billion yen. July 1994 rattling(a) 1994 James Baker, an internal auditor, spends two weeks in Singapore investigating the capacious profits being made thither. Baker identifies the weakness of internal controls and recommends that the general manager should no longer be responsible for the back office.In response, a separate financial manager in Hong Kong is given part underemployed responsibility for watching over the back office. ng August 1994 In an attempt to better evaluate its overall risk, Barings sets up an integrated meeting Treasury and Risk function, insurance coverage to a new asset and obligation committee (Alco). December 1994 A later Barings investigation reveals that, for unknown reasons, Leeson has run up an accrued loss amounting to Y7. 7 billion on the account by the end of 1994. 23 January 1995 The Nikkei 225 drops by 1000 points after an earthquake hits Japans industrial heartland. 6 January 1995 The London futures team gives Barings Alco Committee a presentation on the Baring Futures (Singapore) operation, which states that Leeson is operating a perfectly perfectl matched book long in Osaka, but short to the same amount on Simex. 8 February 1995 Coopers & Lybrand decides to hold off signing off on Barings accounts until it becomes possible to clear up a few points with Leeson. 23 February 1995 At close of trading, the error account contains 55,399 Nikkei contracts trading, expiring in March and 5640 expiring in June.As of February 25, this totalled a loss of 59 billion yen on Simex. 24 February 1995 The Barings Board meets to discuss a hastily prepared analysis of the hastily-prepared transactions in Account 88888. March 1995 The Dutch Bank ING agrees to purchase Barings for 1 pound and assume all of its liabilities (Bull, 1995). Lessons to be Learned lack of internal checks and balances Even when segregation of duties was suggested by internal audit, the concentration of power in the Leesons hands was scarcely diluted. Lack of understanding of the business.If Barings auditors and top management had understood the trading business, they would have take in that it was not possible for Leeson to be making the profits that he was account without taking on undue risk, and they might have questioned where the money was access from. Arbitrage is supposed to be a low risk, and hence low profit, business, so Leesons large m. profits should have inspired alarm sooner than praise. Given that arbitrage should be cash cashneutral or cash-rich, additional alarms should have gone off as the Bank wired hundreds of rich, millions of dollars to Singapore.Poor supervision of employees Although Leeson had never held a trading license prior to his arrival in Singapore, there was little oversight of his activities and no individual was directly responsible for monitor his trading strategies. Lack of a clear reporting line Leesons pasquinade may have been facilitated by the confusion caused by two reporting lines one to London, for proprietary trading, and another to Tokyo for trading on behalf of clients. customer Allikas http//www. erisk. com/Learning/CaseStudies/ref_case_barings. asp Kusimused1. Millist kauplemisstrateegiat Nick Leeson oma ulemustele teadaolevalt kasutas? Kuidas selle strateegiaga teoreetiliselt raha on voimalik teenida? 2. Millist kauplemisstrateegiat Nick Leeson tegelikult kasutas? Kuidas selle strateegiaga teoreetiliselt raha on voimalik teenida? 3. Mis on back-office funktsioonid? 4. Mis sundmus sai Barings pangale saatuslikuks? Mis selle tulemusel juhtus Leesoni positsioonidega? 5. Mis olid pohjused (mida tehti valesti), et kaesolev Baringsi case sai uldse juhtuda (5 pohjust)? 6. Milliseid eetilisi noudeid Nick Leeson oma tegutsemisega rikkus ning kuidas oleks tulnud korrektselt kaituda?